* Testosterone plays an important role in the maintenance of male skeleton. Most studies of testosterone therapy have demonstrated some degree of improvement in BMD
* Based on elegant mechanistic studies (discussed below), the current thinking is that both testosterone and estradiol are essential to bone health with testosterone mainly having an anabolic effect on osteoblastic activity while estrogen is the main anti-resorptive hormone that triggers osteoclast apoptosis [15, 18, 21] (Fig. 1) [15].
* Men with profound androgen deficiency...
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