List of Over 65 Peptides, Their Use, and Common Dosages

Defy Medical TRT clinic doctor
List of peptides and other molecules, their uses, and commonly used dosages.

1. Adipotide (FTPP)

Clinical/Research Dosages:

  • Primate studies: 0.43 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks showed weight loss without major side effects
  • Phase I clinical trials: Daily subcutaneous injections for 28 days (dose escalation study with 5 dose levels)
  • Research note: No established safe human dosing - highly experimental
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2. AICAR

Clinical/Research Dosages:

  • Human clinical trials: 42 mg/kg IV over 7 hours (translat es to ~0.1 mg/kg/min)
  • Research studies: 150-500 mg/kg in animal studies
  • Alternative dosing: 10-20 mg/kg/hr in some human studies
  • Long-term studies: 150 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks in obesity research
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3. AOD9604

Clinical/Research Dosages:

  • Human clinical trials: 250-500 mcg daily (0.25-1 mg daily for 24 weeks showed good safety)
  • Optimal range: 300-500 mcg daily via subcutaneous injection
  • IV studies: 25-400 µg/kg bodyweight
  • Oral studies: 9-54 mg doses
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4. ARA-290

Clinical/Research Dosages:

  • Standard dosing: 2-4 mg daily subcutaneous injection
  • Clinical trials: 2 mg IV three times weekly for 4 weeks
  • Diabetes study: 4 mg daily subcutaneous for 28 days
  • Research range: 2-8 mg daily
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5. B7-33 (Relaxin Derivative)

Clinical/Research Dosages:

  • Animal studies: 0.25 mg/kg IP daily for cardiac protection
  • Extended studies: 0.5 mg/kg daily for 7-day treatments
  • Vascular studies: 13.3 μg/kg IV single dose (equivalent to 26.6 μg/kg serelaxin)
  • Research note: Experimental, no established human dosing
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6. BPC-157

Clinical/Research Dosages:

  • Standard research: 200-500 mcg daily (most common 200-500 mcg range)
  • Human equivalent: 1.6 μg/kg (converted from 10 μg/kg rat studies)
  • Clinical trial: 200 μg/person/day for 7 days (3.33 μg/kg/day)
  • Intravesical: 10 mg injected into bladder wall for interstitial cystitis
  • Safety note: Well tolerated in preclinical studies, limited human data
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7. Bronchogen

Clinical/Research Dosages:

  • Standard dosing: 1-2 capsules, 1-2 times per day (bioregulator format)
  • Duration: 20-30 days, repeat after 4-6 months
  • Research format: 20mg vials for reconstitution
  • Administration: Typically 10-20 drops or equivalent for bioregulator preparations
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8. Cagrisema

Clinical/Research Dosages:

  • Phase 3 trials: 2.4 mg cagrilintide + 2.4 mg semaglutide weekly
  • REDEFINE 1: 68-week study in obesity without diabetes
  • REDEFINE 2: 68-week study in type 2 diabetes with obesity
  • Phase 2: 32-week study at 2.4 mg each component
  • Status: Investigational, clinical trials ongoing
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9. Cagrilintides (Cagrilintide)

Clinical/Research Dosages:

  • Phase 2 trials: 0.3-4.5 mg weekly subcutaneous (dose-finding study)
  • Phase 3 trials: 2.4 mg weekly (REDEFINE program)
  • Optimal dose: 2.4 mg once weekly subcutaneous
  • Combination therapy: 2.4 mg cagrilintide + 2.4 mg semaglutide weekly (CagriSema)
  • Treatment duration: 26-68 weeks in clinical trials
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10. Cardiogen

Clinical/Research Dosages:

  • Standard bioregulator protocol: 1-2 capsules, 1-2 times daily
  • Treatment course: 20-30 days, repeat every 4-6 months
  • Research format: 20mg vials for reconstitution
  • Administration: 10-20 drops or equivalent for bioregulator preparations
  • Severe cases: May increase frequency to every 2 months
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11. Cartalax

Clinical/Research Dosages:

  • Intensive course: 2 capsules daily for 30 days (60 capsules total)
  • Maintenance: 2 capsules daily for 10 days every 3 months (20 capsules)
  • Severe cases: 20 capsules every 2 months or monthly
  • Administration: 5-10 minutes before meals in morning
  • Sublingual drops: 10-20 drops or equivalent
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12. Cerebrolysin

Clinical/Research Dosages:

  • Standard clinical dose: 10-30 mL daily IV for 10-21 days
  • Acute stroke: 30 mL daily IV for 10-21 days
  • Dementia: 5-30 mL daily IV
  • Traumatic brain injury: 10-60 mL daily IV
  • Administration: IV infusion over 30-45 minutes (preferred) or slow IV injection
  • IM injection: Up to 5 mL undiluted
  • Direct IV: Up to 10 mL over 3 minutes
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11. Chonluten - Supports respiratory system health and lung function

Dosage: 1-2 capsules (0.1mg each) once or twice daily before meals, OR 1-5mg injection daily for 10-30 days

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12. CJC-1295 DAC - Long-acting growth hormone releasing hormone

Dosage: 1-2mg (1000-2000mcg) once weekly, OR 30-60mcg/kg subcutaneous injection

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13. Cortagen - Supports brain and nervous system health

Dosage: 10 micrograms/kg body weight (approximately 1mg daily for a 100kg person) via intramuscular or subcutaneous injection for 5-10 days

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14. DSIP - Delta sleep-inducing peptide

Dosage: 25-100mcg (25 nmol/kg body weight clinically tested) before bed, subcutaneous or intranasal injection

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15. Epithalon (Epitalon) - May have anti-aging effects

Dosage: 5-10mg (5000-10,000mcg) daily for 10-20 days, repeated 2-3 times per year. Some protocols use 10-20mg daily.

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16. Follistatin-315 & Follistatin-344 - Blocks myostatin for muscle growth

Dosage: 100mcg daily subcutaneous injection for 10-30 day cycles. Advanced users: 150-300mcg daily.

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17. GHRP-2 & GHRP-6 - Stimulates natural growth hormone release

Dosage: 100-300mcg per injection, 2-3 times daily on empty stomach (subcutaneous or intramuscular)

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list of peptides their use and dosages.webp


18. GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide) - Promotes skin healing, wound repair, and anti-aging

Dosage: 1-3mg daily subcutaneous injection, OR topical application (2-10% concentration in creams), OR 120mcg oral tablets daily

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19. Ipamorelin - Selective growth hormone releasing peptide

Dosage: 200-300mcg per injection, 2-3 times daily on empty stomach (subcutaneous), OR 0.03mg/kg twice daily in clinical settings

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20. Glutathione - Powerful antioxidant supporting detoxification

Dosage: 500-2000mg daily oral, OR 1000-1400mg IV 2-3 times weekly, OR 250-1000mg subcutaneous injection

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21. MK-677 (Ibutamoren) - Stimulates growth hormone and IGF-1

Dosage: 10-25mg daily oral administration (commonly 25mg). Starting dose: 10-15mg per day.

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22. Hexarelin

Dosage: 100-300 mcg, 2-3 times daily (subcutaneous injection)

Clinical References:

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23. Humanin

Dosage: Research stage - varies widely from 0.1 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg; practical protocols suggest 5-10 mg per week

Clinical References:

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24. Ipamorelin

Dosage: 200-300 mcg, 2-3 times daily (subcutaneous injection)

Clinical References:

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25. Kisspeptin-10

Dosage: Research varies widely - 0.3-1.0 nmol/kg IV; practical use 100-200 mcg subcutaneous

Clinical References:

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26. KPV

Dosage: 200-500 mcg daily (injectable); 250-500 mg oral capsules; 10-20 mg daily experimental

Clinical References:

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27. Liraglutide

Dosage: 0.6-1.8 mg daily (diabetes); 3.0 mg daily (weight loss) - prescription medication

Clinical References:

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28. Livagen

Dosage: 2 mg (20 units) daily; 10-20 drops equivalent

Clinical References:



29. LL-37 - Antimicrobial Peptide

Clinical trials have used LL-37 (Ropocamptide) at concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL and 1.6 mg/mL applied twice weekly for topical wound healing Treatment with LL-37 is safe and effective in enhancing healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial - PubMed. For systemic use, typical dosages range from 100-125 mcg daily via subcutaneous injection, sometimes divided into two doses of 50-60 mcg each, with weight-based dosing at 50 mcg per kilogram of body weight per day LL-37 Antimicrobial Peptide Dosage Charts and Calculator.

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30. Melanotan 2 - Tanning and Libido Peptide

In clinical trials, Melanotan II was administered at doses starting from 0.01 mg/kg, escalating to 0.025-0.03 mg/kg subcutaneously Evaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study - PubMed. For tanning and sexual enhancement, typical dosing is 0.025 mg/kg daily (approximately 250-500 mcg for most adults), with protocols starting at 0.5 mg daily for the first week, then increasing to 1-2 mg daily Alpha RejuvenationWebMD.

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31. Mezdutide (Mazdutide) - Weight Management Peptide

In the Phase 3 GLORY-1 trial, Mezdutide was administered at doses of 4 mg or 6 mg once weekly via subcutaneous injection, with treatment lasting 32-48 weeks and producing significant weight loss New England Journal of MedicinePubMed. Earlier phase trials explored higher doses up to 9-10 mg weekly with dose escalation protocols Safety and efficacy of a GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist mazdutide (IBI362) 9 mg and 10 mg in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity: A randomised, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending-dose phase 1b trial - ScienceDirect.

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32. MGF C-terminal - Muscle Repair Peptide

Common dosing protocols for PEG-MGF (a stabilized form) involve approximately 200 mcg per day, often administered post-workout MGF Peptide Review (Mechano Growth Factor): Benefits + Uses. In animal studies, MGF C-terminal peptide was administered at doses of 28.5-57 μg/kg body weight for bone healing applications Mechano growth factor E peptide promotes osteoblasts proliferation and bone-defect healing in rabbits - PMC.

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24. MK-677 (Ibutamoren) - Growth Hormone Secretagogue

Clinical trials have used MK-677 at doses of 10-25 mg daily, with most studies utilizing 25 mg per day as the standard dose SwolverineMore Plates More Dates. Typical dosing ranges from 10-15 mg daily for beginners, 20-25 mg for performance enhancement, and up to 30 mg for advanced users MK-677 For Beginners: What You Need To Know About Growth, Recovery, an – Swolverine.

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25. ModGRF 1-29 (CJC-1295 no DAC) - Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

ModGRF 1-29 has a short half-life of approximately 30 minutes and is typically dosed at 100-200 mcg once or twice daily CJC‑1295 For Beginners: How It Works, Benefits, Dosage, and Stacks. Clinical studies have used CJC-1295 at doses of 30-60 mcg/kg administered subcutaneously, producing sustained increases in GH and IGF-1 levels CJC 1295 Modified GRF (1-29) (same as CJC 1295 w/out DAC) CJC 1295 + DAC.

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26. MOTS-c - Mitochondrial Peptide

Research protocols typically use 5 mg of MOTS-c via subcutaneous injection every 5 days, or 10 mg up to 3 times weekly for more intensive protocols PeptidedosagesPeptides.org. Clinical dosing involves 0.5 mg (500 mcg) subcutaneously twice weekly for 4-6 weeks MOTS-c Peptide What is MOTS-c?.

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27. N-Acetyl Epithalon Amidate - Enhanced Epithalon

Epithalon dosing protocols typically involve 10-day treatment courses administered no more than twice yearly, with clinical studies using intranasal delivery at 10-30 mg/day for 20-30 days or intramuscular injection at 5-10 mg/day for 10-20 days Jay CampbellAlzdiscovery. N-Acetyl Epithalon Amidate is expected to have similar dosing to standard Epithalon but with enhanced stability and bioavailability.

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28. N-Acetyl Selank Amidate - Anxiolytic Peptide

Based on Selank clinical data, typical dosing involves 250-750 mcg daily administered intranasally, with Russian clinical protocols using 0.15% solution (75 mcg per drop) three times daily for up to 14 days Peptides.orgPeptides.org. For N-Acetyl Selank Amidate specifically, research protocols use 250-500 mcg per dose, 1-2 times daily via intranasal spray or subcutaneous injection N-Acetyl Selank Amidate: Enhancing Mental Health - www.labofrad.com.

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29. N-Acetyl Semax Amidate

Dosage: 300-600mcg daily (nasal or subcutaneous)

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30. NAD+

Dosage: 250-750mg IV; 100-150mg sublingual daily

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31. Ovagen

Note: Ovagen is a liver and GI tract bioregulator, NOT for ovarian health as originally described.

Dosage: 1-2 capsules 1-2 times daily (oral); standard research dose for peptide

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32. Oxytocin

Dosage: 10-40 IU nasal spray (typically 24-32 IU daily in clinical studies)

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33. Pancragen

Dosage: 1-2 capsules 1-2 times daily; 20 units (2mg) daily for research

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34. PE-22-28

Dosage: 400-600mcg daily (intranasal); Research stage with limited human data

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35. PEG-MGF

Dosage: 200mcg 2-3x weekly post-training

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36. Pinealon

Dosage: 0.1-0.2mg twice daily; 4-6 drops (sublingual) 3-4x daily

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37. PNC-27

Dosage: Highly experimental - NO established safe human dosing

⚠️ FDA WARNING: The FDA issued a warning against PNC-27 use in 2017 due to bacterial contamination and lack of approval.

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38. Prostamax

Dosage: 10-20mg daily (capsules or drops); 2 capsules daily for 30 days

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39. P21 - Cognitive enhancer improving memory and learning

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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40. PT-141 (Bremelanotide) - Enhances sexual arousal and libido

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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41. Retatrutide - Triple-acting peptide for weight loss and metabolic improvement

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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42. Selank - Anxiolytic peptide reducing anxiety while improving cognition

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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43. Semaglutide - Highly effective for diabetes management and weight loss

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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44. Semax - Enhances cognitive performance with neuroprotective benefits

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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45. Sermorelin - Stimulates natural growth hormone production for anti-aging

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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46. SS-31 (Elamipretide) - Targets mitochondria to improve cellular energy and slow aging

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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47. Survodutide - Dual-acting peptide for weight management and metabolic health

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

48. P21 - Cognitive enhancer improving memory and learning

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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49. PT-141 (Bremelanotide) - Enhances sexual arousal and libido

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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50. Retatrutide - Triple-acting peptide for weight loss and metabolic improvement

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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51. Selank - Anxiolytic peptide reducing anxiety while improving cognition

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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52. Semaglutide - Highly effective for diabetes management and weight loss

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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53. Semax - Enhances cognitive performance with neuroprotective benefits

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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54. Sermorelin - Stimulates natural growth hormone production for anti-aging

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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54. SS-31 (Elamipretide) - Targets mitochondria to improve cellular energy and slow aging

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

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55. Survodutide - Dual-acting peptide for weight management and metabolic health

Dosage Information:

Source URLs:

56. TB-500

Dosage: Loading phase of 2-2 TB‑500 Dosage Guide: How Much Should You Take for Recovery and Injury.5 mg twice per week for 4-6 weeks (total 4-5 mg per week), followed by maintenance phase of 2 mg once every 1-2 weeks.

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57. Tesamorelin

Dosage: 2 mg daily administered subcutaneously for visceral fat reduction in HIV patients Tesamorelin Peptide | Benefits, Safety, & Buying Advice [2025]. FDA-approved for reducing excess abdominal fat in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy Tesamorelin - LiverTox - NCBI Bookshelf.

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58. Testagon (Testagen)

Dosage: 20 mg per injection via subcutaneous administration, with treatment cycles spanning several weeks Testagen 20mg - Peptide Bioregulator for Testosterone Regulation and Male Vitality | China | Manufacturer | Shanghai Longyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.. One capsule each morning daily for thirty days, repeat every three to six months Male Performance Peptide Bioregulator – RegenMed Direct.

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59. Thymagen

Dosage: Typical dosage is 20 mg per injection via subcutaneous administration, with treatment cycles lasting several weeks Thymagen 20mg - Peptide Bioregulator for Immune System Support and Regeneration | China | Manufacturer | Shanghai Longyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.. Daily injections ranging from 5-20 mg for 5-10 day courses Thymalin Peptide Benefits: Immune Support, Longevity & More.

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60. Thyrotropin-TRH

Dosage: Standard test dose of 400 μg administered intravenously for evaluating TSH secretion, as doses of 800 μg produced no greater response Response to Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) in Normal Man | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic. Each vial contains 500 mcg protirelin for intravenous administration Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone TRH: Package Insert / Prescribing Info.

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61. Tirzepatide

Dosage: Starting dose of 2.5 mg weekly, may increase to 15 mg weekly for weight loss Tirzepatide Dosage Chart & Dosing Guide for Weight Loss. At 5 mg per week dosing, showed 2.11% reduction in HbA1c, and at 15 mg per week showed 2.34% reduction Tirzepatide - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf.

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62. Triptorelin

Dosage: 3.75 mg IM every 4 weeks, 11.25 mg IM every 12 weeks, or 22.5 mg IM every 24 weeks for prostate cancer Triptorelin Dosage Guide + Max Dose, Adjustments - Drugs.com. For IVF treatment, minimal daily dose of 15 microgram daily has been determined Triptorelin - Wikipedia.

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64. Vesigen (Vesugen)

Dosage: Take 1-2 capsules one to two times daily, 30 minutes before meals for 1 month, repeat every 4-6 months Vesugen® Blood Vessel Bioregulator | Antiaging Systems. Daily dose of 2-5 ml sublingual contains 0.1 mg of peptide complex AC-2 for 10 days Vesugen liquid – Cardiovascular Support & Healthy Circulation.

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65. Vesilute

Dosage: In research settings, typically dosed at 10-20 mg per week administered subcutaneously in 2-3 injections per week for 2 to 6 weeks Buy Vesilute 20 mg – Bladder Tissue Peptide Bioregulator | USA. One capsule twice daily (morning and evening) during meals for at least 20 days, repeat after 4-6 months Buy VESILUT ® (urinary peptides) - CosmicNootropic.

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66. Vilon

Dosage: For research, typically administered subcutaneously at 5 mg per day over a 12-day cycle, repeated every four to six months Vilon: A Comprehensive Peptide Guide to Its Uses, Benefits, Dosage, and In-Depth Insights | World Of Peptides. Clinical dosing is individualized but commonly follows a 10-day cycle every 3-6 months Vilon: Essential Insights On Benefits, Usage, And Dosage Guidelines.

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67. VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)

Dosage: Graded doses of 0.6, 1.3, and 3.3 pmol/kg/min were intravenously infused over 30 minute periods in clinical studies Vasoactive intestinal peptide in man: pharmacokinetics, metabolic and circulatory effects - PMC. For nasal spray administration, 1 spray (50 mcg) four times daily alternating nostrils for the first month, may increase to 2 sprays (100 mcg) four times daily for the second month VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) | Strive Pharmacy.

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Nelson Vergel
Nelson Vergel

Nelson Vergel

Founder, Excel Male Forum
Author: Books
Nelson Vergel said:
List of peptides and other molecules, their uses, and commonly used dosages.

Adipotide (FTPP) - Targets blood vessels in fat tissue to promote fat loss by cutting off blood supply to adipose tissue. Dose: Highly experimental, no established safe dosing.

AICAR - Activates cellular energy pathways to enhance endurance and potentially promote fat burning. Dose: Research doses 150-500mg, but safety unclear.

AOD9604 - A growth hormone fragment designed to promote fat loss while avoiding muscle-building effects. Dose: 250-500mcg daily.

ARA-290 - Provides tissue protection and promotes healing through erythropoietin receptor activation. Dose: 2-8mg daily.

B7-33 - A relaxin derivative that may help with heart failure and fibrosis reduction. Dose: Experimental, no established dosing.

BPC-157 - Promotes healing of various tissues including tendons, muscles, and digestive tract. Dose: 200-500mcg daily.

Bronchogen - Used as a bronchodilator to help with respiratory conditions. Dose: Varies by condition.

Cagrisema - A combination therapy for weight management and diabetes control. Dose: Clinical trials ongoing.

Cagrilintides - Dual-acting peptides that regulate blood sugar and promote weight loss. Dose: Under clinical investigation.

Cardiogen - Supports cardiovascular health and heart muscle function. Dose: 10-20 drops or equivalent.
Cartalax - Targets cartilage health and may help with joint-related issues. Dose: 10-20 drops or equivalent.

Cerebrolysin - A brain-derived peptide mixture used for neurological conditions and cognitive enhancement. Dose: 10-30ml IV (medical supervision required).

Chonluten - Supports respiratory system health and lung function. Dose: 10-20 drops or equivalent.
CJC-1295 DAC - Long-acting growth hormone releasing hormone that stimulates natural GH production. Dose: 1-2mg weekly.

View attachment 52822

Cortagen - Supports brain and nervous system health. Dose: 10-20 drops or equivalent.

DSIP - Delta sleep-inducing peptide that promotes deep, restorative sleep. Dose: 25-100mcg before bed.

Epithalon (Epitalon) - May have anti-aging effects by potentially influencing telomerase activity. Dose: 5-10mg daily for 10-20 days.

Follistatin-315 - Blocks myostatin to promote muscle growth and strength. Dose: 100mcg daily.

Follistatin-344 - Inhibits myostatin for muscle development. Dose: 100mcg daily.

FOXO4-DRI - Targets senescent cells to potentially slow aging processes. Dose: Highly experimental.

GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide) - Promotes skin healing, wound repair, and anti-aging effects. Dose: 1-3mg daily or topical application.

GHK Basic - Tissue repair and anti-aging without copper. Dose: 1-3mg daily.

GHRP-2 - Stimulates natural growth hormone release for muscle growth and recovery. Dose: 100-300mcg 2-3x daily.

GHRP-6 - Growth hormone releasing peptide that also stimulates appetite. Dose: 100-300mcg 2-3x daily.

GHRH - Directly stimulates pituitary to release growth hormone. Dose: Varies by specific analog.

Glutathione - Powerful antioxidant supporting detoxification and cellular protection. Dose: 500-2000mg daily or IV.

Gonadorelin (GnRH) - Regulates reproductive hormones and restores natural testosterone. Dose: 75-150mcg daily.

hGH Fragment 176-191 - Growth hormone fragment for fat loss without other GH effects. Dose: 250-500mcg daily.

Hexarelin - Potent growth hormone releasing peptide with cardioprotective effects. Dose: 100mcg 2-3x daily.

Humanin - Protects cells from damage with anti-aging and neuroprotective properties. Dose: Research stage.

Ipamorelin - Selective growth hormone releasing peptide with minimal side effects. Dose: 200-300mcg 2-3x daily.

Kisspeptin-10 - Regulates reproductive hormones and puberty onset. Dose: Research varies widely.

KPV - Anti-inflammatory peptide derived from melanocortin. Dose: 200-500mcg daily.

Liraglutide - Manages diabetes and promotes weight loss by regulating blood sugar. Dose: 0.6-3mg daily (prescription).

Livagen - Supports liver health and function. Dose: 10-20 drops or equivalent.

LL-37 - Antimicrobial peptide that fights infections and supports immune function. Dose: Topical or research doses vary.

Melanotan 2 - Stimulates melanin production for tanning and may affect libido. Dose: 250-500mcg daily.

Mezdutide - Newer peptide for weight management and metabolic health. Dose: Clinical trials ongoing.

MGF C-terminal - Promotes muscle repair and growth after exercise. Dose: 200mcg post-workout.

ModGRF 1-29 - Shorter-acting growth hormone releasing hormone. Dose: 100-300mcg 2-3x daily.

MK-677 - Stimulates growth hormone and IGF-1 while increasing appetite. Dose: 10-25mg daily.

MOTS-c - Mitochondrial peptide enhancing metabolism and exercise performance. Dose: 5-15mg weekly.

N-Acetyl Epithalon Amidate - Modified Epithalon with enhanced stability. Dose: Similar to Epithalon.

N-Acetyl Selank Amidate - Anxiolytic peptide reducing anxiety and stress. Dose: 250-750mcg daily.

N-Acetyl Semax Amidate - Enhances cognitive function and provides neuroprotection. Dose: 300-600mcg daily.


NAD+ - Supports cellular energy production with potential anti-aging effects. Dose: 250-750mg IV or sublingual.

Ovagen - Supports ovarian health and female reproductive function. Dose: 10-20 drops or equivalent.

Oxytocin - Promotes bonding, social behavior, and may aid recovery. Dose: 10-40 IU nasal spray.

Pancragen - Supports pancreatic health and function. Dose: 10-20 drops or equivalent.

PE-22-28 - May have anti-inflammatory and tissue protective effects. Dose: Research stage.

PEG-MGF - Longer-acting MGF for sustained muscle growth and repair. Dose: 200mcg 2-3x weekly.

Pinealon - Supports brain health and cognitive function. Dose: 10-20 drops or equivalent.

PNC-27 - Experimental anti-cancer peptide. Dose: Highly experimental.

Prostamax - Supports prostate health in men. Dose: 10-20 drops or equivalent.

PT-141 - Enhances sexual arousal and libido in both men and women. Dose: 0.75-2mg as needed.

P21 - Cognitive enhancer improving memory and learning. Dose: Research varies.

Retatrutide - Triple-acting peptide for significant weight loss and metabolic improvement. Dose: Clinical trials ongoing.

Selank - Anxiolytic peptide reducing anxiety while improving cognition. Dose: 250-750mcg daily.

Semaglutide - Highly effective for diabetes management and weight loss. Dose: 0.25-2.4mg weekly (prescription).

Semax - Enhances cognitive performance with neuroprotective benefits. Dose: 300-600mcg daily.

Sermorelin - Stimulates natural growth hormone production for anti-aging. Dose: 200-500mcg daily.

SS-31 - Targets mitochondria to improve cellular energy and slow aging. Dose: 2.5-5mg daily.

Survodutide - Dual-acting peptide for weight management and metabolic health. Dose: Clinical development.

TB-500 - Promotes healing of muscles, tendons, and soft tissues. Dose: 2-10mg weekly.

Tesamorelin - Specifically reduces visceral fat, particularly in HIV patients. Dose: 2mg daily (prescription).

Testagon - Supports natural testosterone production and male reproductive health. Dose: 10-20 drops or equivalent.

Thymagen - Supports immune system function and thymus gland health. Dose: 10-20 drops or equivalent.

Thyrotropin-TRH - Regulates thyroid function and metabolism. Dose: Medical supervision required.

Tirzepatide - Dual-acting peptide for diabetes and significant weight loss. Dose: 2.5-15mg weekly (prescription).

Triptorelin - Regulates reproductive hormones in hormone therapy. Dose: Varies by indication (prescription).

Vesigen - Supports blood vessel health and circulation. Dose: 10-20 drops or equivalent.

Vesilute - Supports bladder and urinary system health. Dose: 10-20 drops or equivalent.

Vilon - Supports immune system function with potential anti-aging properties. Dose: 10-20 drops or equivalent.

VIP - Regulates digestion, circulation, and immune response. Dose: Varies by application.

CRITICAL WARNING: Many of these peptides are experimental, not FDA-approved for human use, or require medical supervision. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before considering any peptide therapy.
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why does tesamorelin reduce visceral fat in HIV patients more than a patient with only fatty liver?
 
Nelson Vergel said:
To be honest, I think tirzepatide plus TRT would be better for fatty liver. But try tesamorelin. I hope it’s not too expensive.

How is Lipshultz going to measure your fatty liver progress ?
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Thanks for the honest recommendation Nelson. I am not sure how he is going to manage it as I see Nurse Amy because she is more accessible. Liver enzymes are in range (mid) but for my next appointment I think Ill book it with the man Lipshultz himself to see how we can measure. Ultrasound I'd imagine..

With me I am learning to eat less and "better" and not be so afraid to lose muscle mass as I cut weight. I know at 226lbs if I get down to 210 my liver and body will be much healthier.
 
Fernando Almaguer said:
why does tesamorelin reduce visceral fat in HIV patients more than a patient with only fatty liver?
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Tesamorelin vs. Ipamorelin: Properties​

Tesamorelin is approved for the treatment of HIV-associated lipodystrophy. This very narrow approval belies the peptide's wider use as an agent for altering body composition. Research indicates that Tesamorelin can reduce fat mass, boost muscle and bone mass, improve peripheral nerve regeneration, and may even be useful in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment.

Ipamorelin, which underwent phase II clinical trials for the treatment of postoperative ileus, is known to be the most selective ghrelin receptor (aka growth hormone secretagogue receptor/GHSR) agonist yet discovered. It increases plasma growth hormone levels in animals but has no effect on prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, or adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. The astounding specificity of Ipamorelin makes it a highly useful peptide for studying the effects of increased GH levels with confounding results by elevating levels of other hormones.



Tesamorelin vs Ipamorelin: Mechanism of Action​

What is so interesting about these two peptides is the fact that they both raise GH levels by binding to different receptors. Ipamorelin works by binding to and activating the ghrelin receptor, which is located in the brain and the pituitary gland. Activation of this receptor leads to an increase in GH release. It does not interact directly with the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) receptor like some other GHRPs.

Tesamorelin acts as a synthetic analog of human GHRH, which is a hormone that stimulates the release of GH from the pituitary gland. By binding to the GHRH receptor, Tesamorelin activates the receptor, leading to a cascade of intracellular signaling events. This results in an increase in the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone. Tesamorelin promotes the release of growth hormone in a pulsatile manner, similar to the body's natural pattern of GH secretion. This pulsatile release is important for maintaining the normal physiological functions associated with growth hormone.

Growth hormone stimulates the liver and other tissues to produce insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Both Tesamorelin and Ipamorelin's action of increasing growth hormone levels consequently leads to an increase in IGF-1 levels. Ipamorelin has a relatively short duration of action and leads to temporary but large increases in GH and IGF-1 levels. Tesamorelin also has a relatively short duration of action. For both peptides, levels of GH and IGF-1 return to baseline after just a few hours. Tesamorelin, which is administered once daily, has a slightly greater effect on GH levels. Ipamorelin is generally considered to have a more moderate and controlled effect, mimicking the body's natural pattern of secretion. Both peptides preserve the body's natural pulsatile release of GH, a factor that is associated with a lower risk of desensitization and unwanted effects compared to continuous stimulation of GH release.



Tesamorelin vs Ipamorelin: Fat Loss​

The most obvious comparison to make between Tesamorelin and Ipamorelin is in the ability of these two peptides to promote fat loss and alter body composition. While Tesamorelin is specifically approved for the reduction of adiposity, both peptides are relatively similar in their stimulation of GH release and should therefore produce somewhat similar results on body composition. Here is what the science says.

Tesamorelin has been shown to reduce adiposity by approximately 20% in a year[1]. It is known to be particularly effective in reducing visceral fat. Visceral fat is the fat that wraps around abdominal organs and is different from the subcutaneous fat that sits below the skin. A little bit of visceral fat is good for protecting organs, but too much of it can lead to dangerous health consequences including high levels of lipids and triglycerides in the bloodstream. In fact, research shows that administration of Tesamorelin can reduce triglyceride levels by approximately 25% over just 26 weeks. This may not seem like a lot, but it is similar to other common "cholesterol" drugs like niacin, atorvastatin, and simvastatin.

Tesamorelin has been shown to have positive effects on muscle mass, although its primary indication is for reducing excess abdominal fat in individuals with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. While most clinical studies of Tesamorelin have focused on its effects on reducing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) or abdominal fat, some studies have reported secondary improvements in body composition, including an increase in lean body mass or muscle mass. Combining Tesamorelin treatment with regular exercise, particularly resistance training, may have synergistic effects on muscle growth and maintenance. Exercise can further stimulate protein synthesis and enhance the anabolic response to Tesamorelin.

Research in mice shows that Ipamorelin can significantly increase growth hormone (GH) levels, with reported increases ranging from 3-fold to 13-fold above baseline levels. The impact of increased GH levels resulting from Ipamorelin administration on body composition has been studied in animal models. Studies suggest that if the diet is kept consistent, Ipamorelin treatment can lead to an increase of approximately 9% in muscle mass and a decrease of around 14% in fat mass, even without changes in exercise volume[2], [3].

The effects of Ipamorelin on triglyceride levels have not been extensively studied in human clinical trials. Therefore, the specific impact of Ipamorelin on triglyceride levels in humans is not well-established. However, as Ipamorelin stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH), it is important to note that GH can have potential effects on lipid metabolism, including triglyceride levels. GH has been shown to increase lipolysis (breakdown of fat) and improve lipid profiles in some individuals. In animal studies, Ipamorelin has been shown to reduce fat mass, which could potentially have an indirect effect on triglyceride levels.



Tesamorelin vs Ipamorelin: Fat Quality​

It may sound odd to talk about the quality of fat, but research has revealed over the last several decades that all adipose tissue is not created the same. While there has been a great deal of emphasis on fat quantity from mainstream sources, there has been decidedly less discussion about fat quality and why it matters.

Adipose tissue (AT) is not just a passive energy storage depot but is increasingly being recognized as an active endocrine and inflammatory organ. In fact, thinking of adipose tissue as "fat" isn't entirely accurate. It consists of adipocytes (fat cells), connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and immune cells, all working together as a single unit. AT responds to hormonal and neuronal signals and plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

One of the ways AT exerts its effects on the body is through the secretion of various factors, including leptin and adiponectin. These factors, along with others, regulate metabolic processes and influence overall metabolic health. Research has primarily focused on the quantity of two types of AT: visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which surrounds internal organs, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), which is located just beneath the skin. It was originally assumed that changes in AT quantity are directly related to changes in AT quality or function. It was similarly assumed that SAT and VAT tissue were generally the same.

Careful observation has revealed that the above assumptions cannot be accurate. For instance, it has been observed that increases in AT quantity, such as in cases of metabolically healthy obesity, are not always accompanied by obvious cardiometabolic consequences. Similarly, AT quality can vary even at the same AT quantity, suggesting that AT quality may independently contribute to metabolic health. Evaluating AT quality is typically done through computed tomography (CT) scanning, where denser AT is associated with smaller, better-quality adipocytes, while lower density indicates larger, more lipid-engorged, poorer quality adipocytes.

Observational studies in the general population, such as the Framingham Heart Study, have indicated that lower VAT and SAT density are associated with lower levels of adiponectin (a beneficial adipokine) and increased cardiovascular disease risk. So, what is low-quality fat? Basically, low-quality fat is fat that is made up of large fat cells, is producing inflammatory cytokines, and which is metabolically inflexible[4]. Thus, there are both healthy fat and unhealthy fat, with the latter consisting of hypertrophic adipose cells.

Research indicates that Tesamorelin can improve the quality of fat by improving its function. In subjects given Tesamorelin, lipid and triglyceride profiles improved, adipocytes became smaller and more dense, and adiponectin concentrations increased[5]. Thus, Tesamorelin appears to not only reduce fat mass and help with weight loss, but it also helps to improve the function of existing fat tissue and thus improve overall health.

The same studies have not been performed with Ipamorelin, but it seems reasonable to believe that the peptide might have similar effects on fat quality given that both Ipamorelin and Tesamorelin are GH secretagogues. The research remains to be done but will certainly provide valuable insight into the regulation of adipose tissue health and conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease that are associated with it.

As a final note, do not take the discussion of fat quality to be any kind of endorsement of the “fit-fat” mentality or the idea that being lean is not desirable. Less is generally more when it comes to fat, although a body fat percentage that is too low can lead to problems. The point is not to say that carrying excess body fat is healthy, that would be a misinterpretation. The point is that lean bodies still carry fat (and should carry fat) and that fat can be either healthy or unhealthy. Future research in this area will likely reveal that fat quality is something that even relatively lean people need to pay attention to and methods for addressing fat quality will likely enhance lifespans and healthspans as well.



Tesamorelin vs Ipamorelin: Muscle Density​

It is well known that GH secretagogues can help to build muscle mass and bone mass while reducing fat mass. However, these peptides do not simply increase and decrease the quantity of these tissues. As the section above describes, GH secretagogues also appear to increase the quality of fat tissue. Researchers naturally wondered if they might also affect the quality of other tissues in addition to affecting quantity.

It has long been known that Ipamorelin is of major benefit to bone health. In fact, the peptide has undergone clinical trials to determine its usefulness in the treatment of bone-wasting conditions like osteoporosis and corticosteroid-induced bone loss.

Of course, treatments for bone loss already exist in medications like bisphosphonates, and so it begs the question why reinvent the wheel? As it turns out, while bisphosphonates and existing medications are useful in stopping bone loss and improving bone density, they don't do a whole lot to improve the quality of bone itself. It would be much like shoring up the foundation of a house so that it doesn't continue to sink by doing nothing to address the cracks that are letting in water and making the home unlivable.

As it turns out, Ipamorelin doesn't simply boost bone mineral content and thus make bones denser. Rather, Ipamorelin stimulates the growth and proliferation of the cells responsible for maintaining bone structure and function. The result is that Ipamorelin can increase bone formation in certain settings by as much as 400%, helping increase bone mineral density in a systematic and meaningful way. The result is that bones aren't just denser, they are healthier and more functional. This can help to thwart some of the side effects, such as osteonecrosis of the jaw, associated with existing treatments. Remarkably, Ipamorelin does all of this while being less expensive than existing treatments.

Given the benefit of Ipamorelin on bone quality, scientists wondered if other GH secretagogues might have similar effects but on other tissues. Naturally, they turned to Tesamorelin to test because it already has FDA approval for use in humans. What they found is that Tesamorelin reduces adipose tissue within muscle, vastly increasing muscle density[6]. This may not seem like a big deal, but the deposition of adipose tissue in muscle has been linked to physical function limitations, particularly those associated with age. In fact, increased levels of fat in muscle have even been linked to falls[7].

Similarly, Tesamorelin leads to an increase in the total areas of muscle. These findings suggest that Tesamorelin is increasing overall muscle fiber growth, which is to say that Tesamorelin leads to myofibrillar hypertrophy. Muscle fiber density is directly related to muscle strength as well as muscle stamina and its ability to recover following stress. Muscle density is associated with increased athleticism and is a primary factor in aging. The denser muscles are, the more resilient they are to the ravages of aging.



Tesamorelin vs Ipamorelin: Pain and Inflammation​

Previous research has revealed anti-nociceptive (anti-pain) effects of ghrelin mimetics in models of inflammatory, neuropathic, and acute pain. Some of these studies demonstrated that ghrelin mimetics reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and overall inflammation. In a neuropathic pain model, ghrelin administration in the spinal cord inhibited the activation of signaling pathways associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine upregulation. In an acute pain model, the anti-nociceptive effects of ghrelin were attenuated by an opioid receptor antagonist, suggesting the involvement of the central opioid receptor system in mediating these effects. In short, research has shown that ghrelin mimetics are effective at controlling pain associated with inflammation. To this point, it was thought that the main anti-nociceptive effects of ghrelin mimetics were, in fact, due to their ability to reduce inflammatory signals. New research, however, suggests that this may be only part of the story.

In a new study, a hypersensitivity model was used that did not involve active inflammation. Instead, the researchers induced transient visceral hypersensitivity without active colonic inflammation using a low concentration of acetic acid. In this model, the ghrelin mimetics were able to attenuate both visceral and somatic hypersensitivity. The anti-nociceptive effects were specifically mediated through the ghrelin receptors, as blocking these receptors prevented the improvement of hypersensitivity.

These findings suggest that ghrelin mimetics, like Ipamorelin, have anti-nociceptive properties and can alleviate both visceral and somatic hypersensitivity, even in the absence of active inflammation. The interaction between ghrelin and the ghrelin receptors, as well as the potential involvement of the opioid receptor system, may contribute to the mechanisms underlying these effects. Further research is needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential of ghrelin mimetics in the treatment of pain conditions, but there is a great deal of interest in using these peptides to address abdominal and GI-related pain.

Tesamorelin has not been directly tested for an ability to mitigate pain. Furthermore, as a GHRH mimetic rather than a ghrelin mimetic, the ability of Tesamorelin to influence pain cannot be inferred from the same ability of Ipamorelin. After all, Ipamorelin binds to the ghrelin receptor, and Tesamorelin, as far as we know, does not. Tesamorelin has, however, been associated with the ability to reduce inflammation, albeit modestly. In some studies, Tesamorelin led to a decrease in interconnected proteins associated with cytotoxic T-cell and monocyte activation. Specifically, the circulating concentrations of 13 proteins were significantly reduced by Tesamorelin, while no proteins showed an increase. These proteins included four chemokines (CCL3, CCL4, CCL13 [MCP4], IL8 [CXCL8]), two cytokines (IL-10 and CSF-1), and four T-cell associated molecules (CD8A, CRTAM, GZMA, ADGRG1), as well as ARG1, Gal-9, and HGF. Several of these chemokines are associated with neuropathic pain and may play a role in the propagation of pain neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders as well as virus-based diseases that have a neuropathic pain component (e.g., herpes zoster/shingles). These findings suggest that Tesamorelin has the ability to modulate immune activation pathways and reduce the levels of specific proteins associated with cytotoxic T-cell and monocyte activation[8]. The down-regulation of these immune pathways may have implications for various types of pain.



Tesamorelin vs Ipamorelin: Research Notes​

It might seem that Tesamorelin would be the easier peptide to work with in the research setting. Ipamorelin is not without advantages, though. The peptide is roughly two orders of magnitude cheaper than Tesamorelin, making it very attractive for research on a limited budget. Additionally, Ipamorelin has undergone at least phase II clinical trials and has a very long track record of use in animal research as well. Getting approval for the use of either of these peptides in research should not cause any undue burden.



Tesamorelin vs Ipamorelin: Summary​

Tesamorelin and Ipamorelin are more similar than they are different, but their differences are still dramatic. In the Tesamorelin vs Ipamorelin debate, Tesamorelin appears to have a slight advantage in terms of fat loss. It also shows potential for superior cardiovascular properties, although more research is needed to establish this claim conclusively. On the other hand, Ipamorelin demonstrates advantages in improving bone mass and has shown potential benefits in sleep and general cognition. Both peptides are still under investigation for potential therapeutic applications in various disease conditions.

The biggest differences between these two peptides are in their abilities to influence muscle density and pain perception. Tesamorelin appears to be particularly useful at improving muscle density by increasing muscle fiber growth. This makes Tesamorelin of interest in treating muscle wasting and dysfunction associated with aging. Muscle dysfunction is associated with falls and a general decline in physical well-being.

Ipamorelin has been shown to be a highly effective modulator of both inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain. These properties are mediated through action at the ghrelin receptor, and thus it is not immediately clear that Tesamorelin would share any of these pain-relieving benefits. There is interest in using Ipamorelin to explore the treatment of GI pain.

So, more research is needed to fully understand the benefits and limitations of both Tesamorelin and Ipamorelin. What is clear is that the myriad benefits associated with these peptides make them of interest to research circles beyond those dedicated to fat loss. But even where fat loss is concerned, these peptides are helping to open new doors to understanding the role of fat quality in the development of diseases like diabetes. Together, Ipamorelin and Tesamorelin are helping to advance our scientific understanding of the complex control of metabolism, body composition, and energy balance. They have helped to add nuance to existing theories about energy balance and have opened new pathways to understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of adipose tissue. There is a great deal of promise in the future research of both Tesamorelin and Ipamorelin.



Resources​

[1] Clinical Review Report: Tesamorelin (Egrifta). in CADTH Common Drug Reviews. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, 2016. Accessed: Apr. 06, 2022. [Online]. Available: Clinical Review Report: Tesamorelin (Egrifta) - NCBI Bookshelf

[2] P. B. Johansen, Y. Segev, D. Landau, M. Phillip, and A. Flyvbjerg, “Growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion and GH receptor resistance in streptozotocin diabetic mice in response to a GH secretagogue,” Exp. Diabesity Res., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 73–81, Jun. 2003, doi: 10.1155/EDR.2003.73.

[3] J. V. Gobburu, H. Agersø, W. J. Jusko, and L. Ynddal, “Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers,” Pharm. Res., vol. 16, no. 9, Art. no. 9, Sep. 1999, doi: 10.1023/a:1018955126402.

[4] F. G. De Carvalho, J. N. Justice, E. C. de Freitas, E. E. Kershaw, and L. M. Sparks, “Adipose Tissue Quality in Aging: How Structural and Functional Aspects of Adipose Tissue Impact Skeletal Muscle Quality,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 11, p. 2553, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.3390/nu11112553.

[5] J. E. Lake et al., “Tesamorelin improves fat quality independent of changes in fat quantity,” AIDS Lond. Engl., vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 1395–1402, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002897.

[6] S. Adrian et al., “The Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Analogue, Tesamorelin, Decreases Muscle Fat and Increases Muscle Area in Adults with HIV,” J. Frailty Aging, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 154–159, 2019, doi: 10.14283/jfa.2018.45.

[7] O. Addison, R. L. Marcus, P. C. Lastayo, and A. S. Ryan, “Intermuscular fat: a review of the consequences and causes,” Int. J. Endocrinol., vol. 2014, p. 309570, 2014, doi: 10.1155/2014/309570.

[8] F. A. White, H. Jung, and R. J. Miller, “Chemokines and the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 104, no. 51, pp. 20151–20158, Dec. 2007, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0709250104.
 
Fernando Almaguer said:
why does tesamorelin reduce visceral fat in HIV patients more than a patient with only fatty liver?
Click to expand...
The main reason is that they actually took Tesamorelin, a new peptide to the finish line with an FDA approval. Since Ipamorelin was already in use and readily available, there was no money in it. Ipam will give you the same results sans the FDA approved label. For a lot less money ;)
 
BadassBlues said:
The main reason is that they actually took Tesamorelin, a new peptide to the finish line with an FDA approval. Since Ipamorelin was already in use and readily available, there was no money in it. Ipam will give you the same results sans the FDA approved label. For a lot less money ;)
Click to expand...
BadassBlues said:
The main reason is that they actually took Tesamorelin, a new peptide to the finish line with an FDA approval. Since Ipamorelin was already in use and readily available, there was no money in it. Ipam will give you the same results sans the FDA approved label. For a lot less money ;)
Click to expand...
Thank you! I still am in the camp that agrees Tesa is a bit more potent for fat loss. But wow what a great post of knowledge. Thanks again for sharing this Blues
 

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