Is Metformin a Miracle Drug ? : Lecture

[Nelson Vergel]

Jay Campbell invited me to present a review of relevant data on the use of Metformin in men with and without diabetes. I hope you enjoy the work I put into explaining the data to clarify the myths and facts about this old drug that is creating so much interest in the anti-aging world.

Metformin and TRT: What Every Man on Testosterone Should Know About the World's Most Studied Drug
Curated By Nelson Vergel | ExcelMale.com | Updated April 2026

Key Takeaways ✓ Metformin is one of the most extensively studied drugs in medical history, with over 60 years of safety data in diabetic populations and a growing body of research in healthy, non-diabetic adults. ✓ Combination therapy with testosterone has shown synergistic benefits for insulin resistance, body composition, and inflammatory markers in clinical trials of men with obesity and low testosterone. ✓ Gut microbiome remodeling is now recognized as a key mechanism - metformin increases beneficial bacterial species like Akkermansia muciniphila and boosts short-chain fatty acid production. ✓ Cancer risk reduction - observational data consistently links metformin to lower incidence of prostate and colorectal cancers, with the strongest effects seen when combined with testosterone therapy. ✓ The TAME trial (Targeting Aging with Metformin) represents a landmark effort to test whether aging itself can be pharmacologically delayed in non-diabetic adults aged 65 to 79. ✓ Practical concerns for TRT patients include B12 supplementation, starting low and titrating slowly, potential effects on exercise adaptation, and monitoring testosterone levels when not on exogenous therapy.

Introduction: Why Is a Diabetes Drug on Every Longevity Enthusiast's Radar?​

If you spend any time in men's health circles - especially around testosterone replacement therapy - you've almost certainly heard someone bring up metformin. It shows up in conversations about fat loss, anti-aging, insulin sensitivity, and even cancer prevention. The enthusiasm is infectious, but the science deserves a closer look. Is metformin truly the Swiss Army knife of metabolic health, or are we getting ahead of the evidence?
Here's what we know for certain: metformin is the most widely prescribed oral medication for type 2 diabetes on the planet. It has been used for more than six decades, making it one of the best-studied pharmaceuticals ever approved. Its safety profile is outstanding. It costs pennies per pill. And a steadily expanding body of research suggests its benefits extend well beyond blood sugar control - into territories that matter enormously to men on TRT, including cardiovascular protection, visceral fat reduction, gut health, and perhaps even longevity itself.
For the ExcelMale community, the intersection of metformin and testosterone therapy is especially relevant. Several clinical trials have now tested the combination directly, and the results are worth understanding in detail. This guide walks you through the current evidence - the exciting findings, the legitimate controversies, and the practical considerations for men already optimizing their hormones. You'll come away with a clear picture of where the science stands today and how to have an informed conversation with your doctor.

From French Lilac to First-Line Therapy: A Brief History​

Metformin's origin story is one of the more fascinating in pharmaceutical history. The compound traces its lineage to Galega officinalis - the French lilac - a plant used in medieval Europe and China to treat symptoms we now recognize as diabetes. In the 1920s, chemists isolated guanidine-based compounds from the plant, though early versions proved too toxic for clinical use. By the 1950s, French physician Jean Sterne had synthesized a safer derivative he called Glucophage, literally meaning "glucose eater." France and the UK approved it in 1957-58, but the U.S. didn't follow suit until 1995 - nearly four decades later - largely due to unfounded fears about lactic acidosis that stemmed from problems with related (but different) biguanide compounds.
The landmark UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), published in 1998, changed the game. This massive trial demonstrated that metformin reduced all-cause mortality by approximately 36% and heart attack risk by 39% in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes - benefits that persisted for over two decades in follow-up data published in The Lancet in 2024. Those numbers caught the attention of researchers far beyond endocrinology, launching metformin into the longevity research conversation.

How Metformin Works: The AMPK Connection​

Metformin's mechanisms are surprisingly complex for such a small molecule. At the cellular level, it activates an enzyme called AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) - sometimes described as your body's metabolic master switch. Think of AMPK as the sensor that detects when cellular energy is running low and flips the metabolism toward fuel burning rather than fuel storage. When AMPK turns on, several downstream effects follow:
• Hepatic glucose production drops - your liver makes less sugar, which lowers blood glucose without causing hypoglycemia in people with normal blood sugar.
• Insulin sensitivity improves - muscle and fat cells respond better to the insulin your body produces.
• mTOR signaling is dampened - the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway slows down, which is linked to reduced cellular aging and potentially lower cancer risk.
• Adiponectin increases - this fat-derived protein improves fatty acid metabolism and helps regulate inflammation.
• Inflammatory markers decrease - metformin reduces NF-kB signaling, lowering production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and other pro-inflammatory cytokines.
For men on TRT, the mTOR question often comes up: if metformin dampens mTOR, won't it hurt muscle growth? This concern is understandable, since mTOR drives protein synthesis. However, the effect is modest - more of a gentle brake than a full stop. Testosterone and resistance exercise are powerful mTOR activators in their own right. In clinical studies combining metformin with testosterone, lean body mass was preserved or even improved while fat mass decreased. The trade-off, if there is one, appears to favor the metabolic benefits.

Metformin Plus Testosterone: What the Clinical Trials Show​

This is the section that matters most to the ExcelMale audience. Several well-designed clinical trials have examined what happens when you combine metformin with testosterone therapy, and the results tell a compelling story.

The Krysiak Study: Cardiometabolic Risk Factors​

In 2015, researchers published results from a trial of 30 men with late-onset hypogonadism and impaired glucose tolerance. After 12 weeks of metformin alone (1,700 mg daily), half the group also received oral testosterone undecanoate (120 mg daily) for an additional 12 weeks. Metformin alone improved insulin sensitivity and reduced triglycerides and post-meal blood glucose. But the combination therapy went further - it also lowered total and LDL cholesterol, uric acid, hsCRP (a key inflammation marker), homocysteine, and fibrinogen. Plasma testosterone levels increased significantly in the combination group. The researchers concluded that men with impaired glucose tolerance and hypogonadism gain measurably greater benefits from adding testosterone to metformin therapy.

The 2022 RCT: Obesity, Low Testosterone, and Insulin Resistance​

A 2022 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published in Metabolism enrolled 106 non-diabetic men with obesity (average BMI of 42.5) and low testosterone (average total T of 239 ng/dL). They were divided into four groups: placebo, metformin alone, testosterone alone, or the combination. All three active treatment groups significantly reduced insulin resistance compared to placebo. Notably, only the combination of metformin plus testosterone produced a statistically significant increase in both total and free testosterone levels compared to placebo. The metformin and combination groups also showed greater fat mass reduction. While the combination wasn't superior to testosterone alone for insulin resistance specifically, it was the only approach that moved both the metabolic and hormonal needles simultaneously.

Cancer Risk: A Potentially Powerful Synergy​

A SEER-Medicare study analyzing data from over 143,000 men aged 65 and older found that the combination of metformin and testosterone replacement therapy was inversely associated with hormone-related cancers. Specifically, men using both medications showed a 56% reduced odds of prostate cancer and a 53% reduced odds of colorectal cancer compared to men using neither drug. These were the strongest risk reductions observed - stronger than either drug alone. While observational data can't prove causation, the biological plausibility is there: metformin's AMPK activation and anti-inflammatory effects may complement testosterone's metabolic benefits to create a more hostile environment for cancer development.

The Gut Connection: How Metformin Reshapes Your Microbiome​

One of the most exciting developments in metformin research is the growing understanding of its impact on the gut microbiome. This isn't a minor footnote - accumulating evidence suggests that a substantial portion of metformin's benefits may actually originate in the gut, not the liver.
Multiple studies, including the largest and longest randomized trial of metformin's gut effects (the SPIRIT trial), have confirmed that metformin consistently reshapes gut bacterial populations. The drug increases the abundance of beneficial species - particularly Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium strongly associated with lean body composition and improved metabolic health. Metformin also boosts short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, including butyrate and acetate, which serve as fuel for the cells lining the intestinal wall and help maintain the gut barrier. This is likely why some metformin users report dramatic improvements in bloating, IBS symptoms, and digestive comfort.
The gut barrier - sometimes called the intestinal lumen - separates your bloodstream from the microbial ecosystem in your digestive tract. When this barrier weakens (a condition sometimes called "leaky gut"), bacterial products can enter the bloodstream and trigger systemic inflammation. Metformin appears to strengthen this barrier by promoting the growth of mucin-degrading bacteria that paradoxically help maintain the mucus layer's integrity.
For men on TRT who also deal with bloating, digestive discomfort, or inflammatory gut conditions, this mechanism may be particularly relevant. Members of the ExcelMale community have reported noticeable improvements in gut function within the first few weeks of starting metformin - reduced bloating, more regular bowel movements, and less post-meal discomfort. These anecdotal reports align well with the scientific data on microbiome remodeling.

The Longevity Question: Can Metformin Slow Aging?​

This is where metformin goes from interesting to potentially revolutionary - and also where we need to be most careful about separating established evidence from hopeful speculation.
In laboratory settings, metformin has extended lifespan in roundworms (C. elegans, by up to 50%), mice, and several other model organisms. In humans, the most provocative finding came from a 2014 observational study by Bannister and colleagues, which suggested that diabetic patients taking metformin actually lived longer than non-diabetic controls. That finding electrified the longevity community, though more recent analyses have pointed out methodological limitations in the study design - including selection bias in the control group that may have inflated metformin's apparent benefits.
A 2025 study from UC San Diego followed postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative and found that metformin use was associated with a 30% lower risk of death before age 90 compared to sulfonylurea use. Meanwhile, a June 2025 review in Ageing Research Reviews introduced a more cautious perspective, noting that much of the early observational evidence for metformin's anti-aging effects may have been influenced by systematic biases, and that clinical trials in non-diabetic populations have produced mixed results so far.

The TAME Trial: The Study That Could Change Everything​

The Targeting Aging with Metformin (TAME) trial is designed to answer the fundamental question: can a drug slow the biological process of aging in otherwise healthy older adults? Authorized by the FDA and led by some of the most respected gerontologists in the world, TAME plans to enroll 3,000 people aged 65 to 79 who do not have diabetes. Participants will receive 850 mg of metformin twice daily and be followed for at least five years, with researchers tracking the development of age-related conditions including heart disease, cancer, dementia, and death.
TAME isn't just testing metformin - it's testing a concept. If successful, it would establish that aging itself is a modifiable condition, opening the door to FDA-approved treatments that target the biology of aging rather than individual diseases. That would represent a paradigm shift in medicine. The trial has received funding from the American Federation for Aging Research and government sources, but has faced delays. The longevity community awaits its results with considerable anticipation.

Metformin and Cancer: Promise, Nuance, and the Latest Evidence​

The relationship between metformin and cancer risk is one of the most studied - and most debated - areas of metformin research. Observational studies have consistently suggested that metformin users have lower rates of several cancers, including prostate, colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancer. A 2025 meta-analysis found that metformin use was associated with a 41% reduction in prostate cancer incidence among men with type 2 diabetes (pooled RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46-0.63).
However, the picture became more complicated in 2024 when the MAST trial (Metformin Active Surveillance Trial) - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 407 men with low-risk localized prostate cancer - found no benefit from metformin in slowing disease progression. Similarly, the STAMPEDE trial, a large phase 3 study published in The Lancet Oncology in 2025, found that adding metformin to standard androgen deprivation therapy did not significantly improve survival in men with metastatic prostate cancer - though it did meaningfully reduce the metabolic side effects of hormone therapy, including weight gain, high cholesterol, and elevated blood sugar.
What should we make of these seemingly contradictory findings? The most balanced interpretation is that metformin likely plays a stronger role in cancer prevention than cancer treatment. Its metabolic effects - improved insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation, AMPK activation, and mTOR inhibition - may create an environment less hospitable to cancer development over time, without being powerful enough to overcome established disease. For men on TRT who are focused on long-term health optimization, the prevention angle remains relevant and compelling.

Practical Guide: Using Metformin Alongside TRT​

Dosing: Start Low, Go Slow​

Most clinical studies use 850 mg twice daily (1,700 mg total), and research suggests that doses above 1,700 mg per day provide little additional benefit for glucose control. For men without diabetes who are using metformin for its broader metabolic and longevity benefits, a common approach is to start at 500 mg once daily with dinner, then increase to 500 mg twice daily after one to two weeks if tolerated. Some men settle at 1,000 mg daily; others work up to 1,500-1,700 mg. Always take metformin with food to minimize gastrointestinal side effects.

Extended-Release vs. Immediate-Release​

If you experience GI discomfort with standard metformin, the extended-release (XR or ER) formulation is often much better tolerated. It releases the drug gradually and causes significantly less nausea, bloating, and diarrhea. Many physicians now start patients on the XR version from the outset. This is especially relevant for men on TRT who are watching their calorie and protein intake carefully and don't want digestive disruption interfering with their nutrition plan.

Essential Supplements When Taking Metformin​

Metformin consistently reduces vitamin B12 absorption - studies show levels dropping 13-18% within the first year. B12 deficiency can cause fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive fog - symptoms that overlap with low testosterone and could easily be misattributed. Supplement with methylcobalamin (B12) at 1,000-2,000 mcg daily, and ask your doctor to check B12 levels at least annually. CoQ10 supplementation (200-600 mg daily) is also worth considering, given metformin's effects on mitochondrial function.

Monitoring: What to Track​

• Fasting glucose and HbA1c - your baseline metabolic markers. Most men on TRT and metformin aim for an HbA1c below 5.3%.
• Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR - more sensitive indicators of insulin resistance than glucose alone.
• B12 levels - at least annually, more often if you notice fatigue or tingling in extremities.
• Kidney function (eGFR and creatinine) - metformin is contraindicated when eGFR falls below 30. Discuss with your doctor if below 45.
• Lipid panel - track the expected improvements in LDL and triglycerides.
• Testosterone levels - some data suggests metformin may modestly reduce endogenous testosterone production in men not on TRT. This is irrelevant for men on exogenous testosterone, but important for natural men considering metformin.

Concerns and Controversies: Honest Assessment​

Does Metformin Blunt Exercise Benefits?​

The MASTERS trial, a randomized controlled study in older adults, found that metformin blunted the gains in muscle hypertrophy from progressive resistance training. Another study showed reduced aerobic capacity improvements. These findings generated understandable concern in the fitness community. However, important context is often missing from the discussion: these studies were conducted in older adults not on testosterone therapy, and the participants were not optimized hormonally. For men on TRT who train regularly, the anabolic stimulus from exogenous testosterone and resistance exercise may largely override metformin's modest inhibitory effect on mTOR. That said, some ExcelMale members have reported reduced "pump" and energy at the gym while on metformin - an effect that appears dose-dependent and that some manage by using lower doses or timing metformin away from training.

Metformin and Testosterone Levels in Non-TRT Men​

A small study of 12 healthy men showed significant reductions in total and free testosterone after just two weeks of metformin at 850 mg twice daily. Larger studies in men with metabolic syndrome have shown mixed results - some finding testosterone increases (likely secondary to improved insulin sensitivity and weight loss), others finding decreases. The bottom line: if you're on TRT, this concern is moot since your testosterone comes from an external source. If you're natural and considering metformin, monitoring your testosterone levels is prudent.

The Mitochondrial Dysfunction Debate​

Claims that metformin causes mitochondrial dysfunction have circulated in certain biohacking circles. The evidence cited is almost exclusively from animal studies using doses far exceeding anything used in humans. One frequently referenced rat study showed mitochondrial impairment only at the human equivalent of 24,000-28,000 mg per day - roughly 15 to 17 times the standard therapeutic dose. At dosages used in clinical practice (500-2,000 mg daily), over 60 years of human data have not demonstrated clinically meaningful mitochondrial toxicity. The lactic acidosis fear, similarly, traces back to older biguanide compounds (phenformin, buformin) that were far more toxic and have long been withdrawn from the market.

Berberine: A Natural Alternative?​

Berberine, a plant-derived alkaloid, is often promoted as a "natural metformin" due to its similar AMPK-activating properties. However, quality control is a significant concern. Independent testing has revealed that many berberine supplements fail to meet label claims - some containing as little as 30% of the stated active ingredient. Additionally, some berberine products have been found to contain trace amounts of metformin itself. Given that pharmaceutical-grade metformin costs under $10 per month and has decades of rigorously controlled safety data behind it, most evidence-based clinicians recommend the pharmaceutical version for patients who can tolerate it.

Metformin for TRT Patients: Benefits and Considerations at a Glance​

Domain	Evidence Summary	TRT Relevance
Insulin Sensitivity	Strong evidence: reduces HOMA-IR by 30-40% across trials	High - insulin resistance drives visceral fat and worsens metabolic syndrome
Visceral Fat	Moderate evidence: CT-documented reductions, especially combined with testosterone	High - visceral fat is a major concern for men with metabolic issues on TRT
Cardiovascular Risk	Strong evidence in diabetics (UKPDS); mixed in non-diabetics	Relevant - TRT itself has cardiovascular considerations; metformin may offset risks
Cancer Prevention	Observational evidence: 18-56% risk reduction for prostate/colorectal cancer	Relevant - PSA monitoring is standard in TRT; metformin may add protection
Gut Health	Strong evidence: microbiome remodeling, SCFA production, barrier integrity	Moderate - IBS and bloating common complaints in health-optimizing men
Longevity	Animal evidence strong; human evidence emerging but uncertain	Speculative - awaiting TAME trial results
Exercise Adaptation	Some evidence of blunted gains in non-hormone-optimized elderly	Low concern for TRT patients who train; monitor subjectively
B12 Depletion	Consistent evidence: 13-18% reduction within first year	Action required: supplement B12, test annually

Related ExcelMale Forum Discussions​

Explore these community discussions for additional insights from men navigating metformin alongside TRT:

Metformin: Are You Taking It and What Has Your Experience Been? - Community members share first-hand experiences, IBS improvements, dosing strategies, and practical tips for combining metformin with TRT.
Metformin Lowers Testosterone? - A detailed discussion on whether metformin affects testosterone levels, with input from long-term users who monitor bloodwork regularly.
Metformin Decreases Aerobic Capacity, Muscle Mass and Testosterone - Forum members evaluate the MASTERS trial findings and share real-world observations about exercise performance on metformin.
Diets and the Use of Metformin - Practical discussion on combining metformin with ketogenic and low-carb diets, including bodybuilding applications and insulin sensitivity strategies.
Can Metformin Help Me Lose Weight? - Nelson Vergel's personal experience with metformin for visceral fat reduction, plus community insights on weight management strategies.
Latest Update on Metformin - Comprehensive overview of metformin benefits including thyroid protection, sperm quality improvement, and the synergy with TRT.
A New Study Explores Anti-Aging Properties of Metformin - Early discussion of metformin's longevity potential, TAME trial preview, and community experiences with extended-release formulations.
Metformin and Libido - Members discuss whether metformin affects sexual desire, with perspectives from both TRT and non-TRT users.

Key References​

1. Adler AI, Coleman RL, et al. Post-trial monitoring of UKPDS: intensive glycaemic control extended from 10 to 24 years. The Lancet. 2024;404:145-155. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00537-3
2. Krysiak R, Gilowska M, Okopien B. The effect of metformin and metformin-testosterone combination on cardiometabolic risk factors in men with late-onset hypogonadism and impaired glucose tolerance. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2015;123(10):608-613. PubMed: 26600057
3. Fernandez CJ, et al. Metformin, testosterone, or both in men with obesity and low testosterone: A double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Metabolism. 2022;135:155262. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155262
4. Ramos-Garcia P, et al. Metformin and testosterone replacement therapy inversely associated with hormone-associated cancers among older White and Black men. Cancer Med. 2022. PMC: 9637746
5. Rosell-Diaz M, Fernandez-Real JM. Metformin, cognitive function, and changes in the gut microbiome. Endocr Rev. 2024;45(2):210-226. DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad029
6. Keys MT, et al. Emerging uncertainty on the anti-aging potential of metformin. Ageing Res Rev. 2025;111:102817. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2025.102817
7. Pillai AA, et al. The effects of metformin on weight loss, cardiovascular health, and longevity. Cardiol Rev. 2024. DOI: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000832
8. Liu Y, Zhang Q, Huang X. Effect of metformin on incidence, recurrence, and mortality in prostate cancer patients. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2025;28:210-219. DOI: 10.1038/s41391-024-00871-7
9. Gebrael G, et al. Metformin for patients with metastatic prostate cancer starting androgen deprivation therapy: STAMPEDE trial. Lancet Oncol. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(25)00231-1
10. Shadyab AH, LaCroix A, et al. Use of metformin associated with exceptional longevity among older women. J Gerontol Med Sci. 2025. UC San Diego Study

Medical Disclaimer​

This article is intended for informational and educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. The information presented reflects a synthesis of published clinical research, expert commentary, and community experience as of April 2026. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or modifying any medication, including metformin. Individual responses to treatment vary, and your doctor can help determine whether metformin is appropriate for your specific health profile and goals.

About ExcelMale​

ExcelMale.com is the internet's leading independent men's health forum, with over 24,000 members and more than 20 years of archived discussions covering testosterone replacement therapy, hormone optimization, sexual health, metabolic fitness, and longevity. Founded by Nelson Vergel - author of Testosterone: A Man's Guide and Beyond Testosterone - the community bridges peer-reviewed clinical research with real-world patient experience, giving men the tools they need to become informed advocates for their own health.
Visit us at ExcelMale.com to join the conversation.

 

[Nelson Vergel]

Metformin Reverses Established Lung Fibrosis
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have shown — for the first time — that established lung fibrosis can be reversed using a drug treatment that targets cell metabolism.

This novel finding, reported in the journal Nature Medicine, is important because, despite significant advances to reveal the pathological mechanisms of persistent fibrosis, effective treatment interventions are lacking.

 

[Nelson Vergel]

Update from Nelson:

I now only use Metformin in cycles. After 3 weeks I can feel a dramatic reduction in stamina. It is unfortunate since my IBS symptoms are better on it (although it can make me constipated if I do not eat enough fiber). I get on the drug for cycles of 3 weeks and then take 2 weeks off.

Initially, I had body aches that were linked to an interaction with one of my medications. This problem subsided when I started consuming 5 grams per day of creatine monohydrate.

Click here for metformin related posts on ExcelMale

 

[ratbag]

Nelson have you ever tried Low Dose Naltrexone for your IBS, LDN?

 

[Nelson Vergel]

Nelson have you ever tried Low Dose Naltrexone for your IBS, LDN?

Yes, even 1 mg per day (taken morning or night time) makes me wired and affects my sleep.

 

[ratbag]

That's too bad.. although they do state that it causes weird dreams to start but that eventually subsides.

 

[Nelson Vergel]

A reappraisal on metformin

 

[wernerbrewer]

Any new info out there?

 

[Nelson Vergel]

Latest Update on Metformin - ExcelMale

 

[Nelson Vergel]

Does Metformin Reduce Risk for Death in COVID-19?

Observational study data suggest that metformin reduces the risk for death from severe COVID-19, but questions remain.

www.medscape.com

 

[DorianGray]

Lot of uncertainty still regarding efficacy for Covid. But, conincidentally, I've just started taking Metformin for anti-aging (supposed) effects even though I'm not diabetic. 500mg/d in pm. Only, 4 doses in so far.

 

[Nelson Vergel]

Problem: Metformin Blocks Benefits of Aerobic Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity and VO2 max - ExcelMale - #1 TRT & Testosterone Forum | Expert-Moderated Men's Health Community

 

[Nelson Vergel]

Thread 'Metformin Decreases Muscle Gain and Strength in Seniors'

Feb 11, 2026

Executive Summary

The Metformin to Augment Strength Training Effective Response in Seniors (MASTERS) trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study designed to determine if metformin could enhance the muscle-building effects of progressive resistance exercise training (PRT) in healthy individuals aged 65 and older. Contrary to the initial hypothesis that metformin's anti-inflammatory properties would augment muscle growth, the study found that metformin significantly blunts the...

• Nelson Vergel
• metformin metformin aerobic capacity metformin muscle
• Replies: 11
• Forum: Health & Wellness

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