Short Course: Pathology of the Endocrine Module (Axis)

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https://www.uthsc.edu/endocrinology/documents/ch08-syllabus-Childress.pdf

This 2010 course intended for UT health sciences students of Dale Childress MD is a decent reference material and a fairly easy read for the advanced layman.

excerpt:

'Both neural input from the central nervous system and humoral factors from the testis modulate the secretion of GnRH.

The GnRH neurons receive

input from neurons in other parts of the brain including the amygdala and both the
olfactory and the visual cortex. The release of GnRH is seasonal (peaks in the spring),

circadian (highest testosterone levels are in the a.m.) and pulsatile (peaks occur every
90-120 minutes). GnRH has a very short half
-life in the blood (approximately 2 to 5
minutes). The pituitary gland is therefore exposed to hi
gh levels of GnRH in
hypophyseal
-portal blood for brief periods of time. This pulsatile pattern of GnRH
release appears to be essential for stimulatory effects on LH and FSH release whereas

constant exposure to GnRH results in paradoxical inhibitory effect
s on LH and FSH
release. "
 

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Understanding Your Hormones

Estradiol (E2)

A form of estrogen produced from testosterone. Important for bone health, mood, and libido. Too high can cause side effects; too low can affect well-being.

DHT

Dihydrotestosterone is a potent androgen derived from testosterone. Affects hair growth, prostate health, and masculinization effects.

Free Testosterone

The biologically active form of testosterone not bound to proteins. Directly available for cellular uptake and biological effects.

Scientific Reference

Lakshman KM, Kaplan B, Travison TG, Basaria S, Knapp PE, Singh AB, LaValley MP, Mazer NA, Bhasin S. The effects of injected testosterone dose and age on the conversion of testosterone to estradiol and dihydrotestosterone in young and older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Aug;95(8):3955-64.

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0102 | PMID: 20534765 | PMCID: PMC2913038

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