Supplementation with WP can significantly decrease SBP but does not have a significant effect on DBP. WP may be a viable option for individuals with hypertension, but factors such as supplementation form, intervention duration, and underlying conditions can influence its effects. More extensive studies with varying WP doses and longer interventions are required to validate these findings.
Key Takeaways:
Systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of whey protein (WP) supplementation on blood pressure (BP) in adults
Pooled analysis showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) with whey protein supplementation
No significant effect on diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was observed
WP supplementation reduced DBP in specific conditions: a dose of >30 g/day, WP isolates powder intervention, sample sizes of 100, intervention duration of 10 weeks, and studies conducted in patients with hypertension and a BMI of 25-30 kg/m2
Further large-scale studies are needed to determine the precise mechanism and optimal dosage of WP supplementation for BP benefits
Figure 2 Forest and funnel plot with weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the effect of whey protein supplementation on systolic blood pressure (SBP).
Figure 3 Forest and funnel plot showing weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the effect of whey protein supplementation on diastolic blood pressure (DBP).
Figure 4 Nonlinear dose-response relationships between whey protein (a) duration of intervention (weeks), (b) dosage (g/d), and unstandardized mean difference in SBP. The 95% CI is shown in the shaded areas.
Figure 5 Nonlinear dose-response relationships between whey protein (a) duration of intervention (weeks), (b) dose (g/day), and unstandardized mean difference in DBP. The 95% CI is shown in the shaded areas.
Predict estradiol, DHT, and free testosterone levels based on total testosterone
⚠️ Medical Disclaimer
This tool provides predictions based on statistical models and should NOT replace professional medical advice.
Always consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your TRT protocol.
ℹ️ Input Parameters
Normal range: 300-1000 ng/dL
Predicted Hormone Levels
Enter your total testosterone value to see predictions
Results will appear here after calculation
Understanding Your Hormones
Estradiol (E2)
A form of estrogen produced from testosterone. Important for bone health, mood, and libido.
Too high can cause side effects; too low can affect well-being.
DHT
Dihydrotestosterone is a potent androgen derived from testosterone. Affects hair growth,
prostate health, and masculinization effects.
Free Testosterone
The biologically active form of testosterone not bound to proteins.
Directly available for cellular uptake and biological effects.
Scientific Reference
Lakshman KM, Kaplan B, Travison TG, Basaria S, Knapp PE, Singh AB, LaValley MP, Mazer NA, Bhasin S. The effects of injected testosterone dose and age on the conversion of testosterone to estradiol and dihydrotestosterone in young and older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Aug;95(8):3955-64.
