Oral BPC-157 For Potential Gut Health

[BadassBlues]

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, Robert’s Stomach Cytoprotection/Adaptive Cytoprotection/Organoprotection, and Selye’s Stress Coping Response: Progress, Achievements, and the Future

We reviewed again the significance of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a likely mediator of Robert’s stomach cytoprotection/adaptive cytoprotection and organoprotection and as novel mediator of Selye’s stress coping response ...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, Robert’s Stomach Cytoprotection/Adaptive Cytoprotection/Organoprotection, and Selye’s Stress Coping Response: Progress, Achievements, and the Future​

Predrag Sikiric,1 Ki-Baik Hahm,2 Alenka Boban Blagaic,1 Ante Tvrdeic,1 Katarina Horvat Pavlov,3 Andrea Petrovic,3 Antonio Kokot,1 Slaven Gojkovic,1 Ivan Krezic,1 Domagoj Drmic,1 Rudolf Rucman,,1 and Sven Seiwerth3
Author information Article notes Copyright and License information PMC Disclaimer

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Abstract​

We reviewed again the significance of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a likely mediator of Robert’s stomach cytoprotection/adaptive cytoprotection and organoprotection and as novel mediator of Selye’s stress coping response to reestablish homeostasis. Specific points of BPC 157 therapy and the original concept of Robert’s cytoprotection/adaptive cytoprotection/organoprotection are discussed, including the beneficial effects of BPC 157. First, BPC 157 protects stomach cells and maintains gastric integrity against various noxious agents (Robert’s killing cell by contact) and is continuously present in the gastric mucosa and gastric juice. Additionally, BPC 157 protects against the adverse effects of alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gastric epithelium and other epithelia, that is, skin, liver, pancreas, heart (organoprotection), and brain, thereby suggesting its use in wound healing. Additionally, BPC 157 counteracts gastric endothelial injury that precedes and induces damage to the gastric epithelium and generalizes “gastric endothelial protection” to protection of the endothelium of other vessels (thrombosis, prolonged bleeding, and thrombocytopenia). BPC 157 also has an effect on blood vessels, resulting in vessel recruitment that circumvents vessel occlusion and the development of additional shunting and rapid bypass loops to rapidly reestablish the integrity of blood flow (ischemic/reperfusion colitis, duodenal lesions, cecal perforation, and inferior vena caval occlusion). Lastly, BPC 157 counteracts tumor cachexia, muscle wasting, and increases in pro-inflammatory/procachectic cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and significantly corrects deranged muscle proliferation and myogenesis through changes in the expression of FoxO3a, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-GSK-3β (mitigating cancer cachexia).
Keywords: Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy, Robert’s cytoprotection, Adaptive cytoprotection, Organoprotection concept, Mediator
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INTRODUCTION​

Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 is a novel anti-ulcer peptide, used in trials for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and now multiple sclerosis, lethal dose (dosage required to kill 1% of the test population, LD1) not reported.1-13 We recently reviewed its significance1-13 as a likely mediator of the Robert’s stomach cytoprotection/adaptive cytoprotection14-19 and organoprotection,20,21 as well as a novel mediator of the Selye’s stress coping response,22-25 generally known, but still not completely clarified.
Briefly, to support the pleiotropic beneficial effects of BPC 157 application,1-13 we will review the particular background of these essential holistic concepts, the Robert’s stomach cytoprotection14-19 and organoprotection20,21 and the Selye’s stress coping response (Fig. 1).22-25

[IMG alt="An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.Object name is GNL-14-153-f1.jpg"]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7096228/bin/GNL-14-153-f1.jpg[/IMG]
Fig. 1
BPC 157 has beneficial effects and thus leads to stomach cytoprotection → organoprotection of the whole gastrointestinal tract, including both prophylactic and therapeutic effects for pre-existing lesions in individuals with the most complex disturbances, such as internal and external fistulas, or anastomosis complicated with severe colitis (indicated as +1).1-13 In addition, there is a particular effect on endothelial integrity (indicated as +2).1-13 Together, these may result in the particular activation of blood vessels during injury, vessel occlusion, or organ perforation, the recruitment of the vessel to organize an adequate shunting and bypass occlusion (indicated as=3).101,113,117,118 Furthermore, the effect of BPC 157 is due to its interaction with and modulation of the NO system, and its interaction with prostaglandin, dopamine, and serotonin systems has also been documented.1-13 BPC 157 also acts as a free radical scavenger, counteracts free radical-induced lesions, and normalizes NO and MDA levels in tissues and during ischemia and reperfusion.101,113,114,116-118 Subsequent studies from other groups2,96-101 have confirmed our original findings.65-78 Pleiotropic effects involving distinctive receptors, including VEGFR2 and growth hormone receptors, distinctive pathways, including VEGFR2-AKT-eNOS, ERK ½, FAK-paxillin, FoxO3a, p-AKT, p-mTOR and p-GSK-3β, and distinctive loops, including stimulation of the egr-1 gene and its corepressor gene naB2, and counteraction of increases in pro-inflammatory and procachectic cytokines,2,96-101 likely minimize the inherent lack of full understanding of the mechanisms that may be involved. However, more important is the practical evidence from a considerable number of the studies, particularly in gastrointestinal research, that intragastric administration or per os administration in drinking water, is equally effective as injections of the supplement administered to rodents, which has been performed in the majority of studies on BPC 157.12,41,43,48,51,54,55,58,59,61-63,82-85,89,91-93,98,114,116,117,143-147,149-155 In reality, in particular along with its safety profile, LD-1 is not achieved, and there are no reported adverse effects in clinical trials;1-13 this evidence suggests the ease of practical clinical application. PGs, prostaglandins; NO, nitric oxide; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR2, VEGF receptor 2; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; FoxO3a, transcription factor; p-AKT, phospho-AKT; p-mTOR, phospho mammalian target of rapamycin; p-GSK-3β, phospho glycogen synthase kinase 3β; MDA, malondialdehyde; GI, gastrointestinal.

 

[Nelson Vergel]

BPC-157, a synthetic peptide, has been studied for its potential benefits in improving gut health. Research suggests that BPC-157 may help repair the intestinal lining, enhance the gut's microbiome, and promote greater balance between the gastrointestinal area, nervous system, and immune system[1][2][4]. It has been shown to accelerate the healing of damaged gut tissues, reduce inflammation, and protect the gut from damage caused by harmful substances[4][5]. Additionally, BPC-157 has been used to treat conditions such as inflammatory bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, leaky gut syndrome, and other gastrointestinal issues[1][5]. The peptide's ability to improve blood flow to the intestines is also believed to contribute to its gut-healing properties[5]. Overall, BPC-157 shows promise in supporting gut health and treating various gut-related conditions.

Sources
[1] Explore Internal Medicine in Naples, FL with DR. Brzezinski, D.O. FACOI; A Doctor for Your Whole Body Health Care! Explore Internal Medicine in Naples, FL with DR. Brzezinski, D.O. FACOI; A Doctor for Your Whole Body Health Care!
[2] Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications
[3] Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 May Recover Brain–Gut Axis and Gut–Brain Axis Function Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 May Recover Brain–Gut Axis and Gut–Brain Axis Function
[4] Benefits of BPC-157 for Gut Health | The Solution Benefits of BPC-157 for Gut Health | The Solution
[5] All About BPC-157 Gut Healing Therapy | Lowcountry Male All About BPC-157 Gut Healing Therapy | Lowcountry Male

By Perplexity at https://www.perplexity.ai/search/1be8f948-6272-442c-b637-8bdb3d79ed0c

 

[sammmy]

Despite all the hype coming from Croatia, where the peptide was originally made in 1993, no proof of safety and efficacy in humans to this day, 30 years later. Not a single HUMAN study of intestinal ulcers healing with BPC-157 and these are not that expensive to do. The burning question is why Croatia???

A peptide that is "antiinflammatory" i.e. immunosuppressive and promotes formation of blood vessels is the perfect combination to promote tumor spreading. Why there is no study of that hypothesis at least in rodents with tumors?

Where are the human studies showing the phenomenal healing Croatia? Where are the anecdotal reports someone got healed with BPC-157? Healed means that you remain healed after stopping it. Not having symptoms while taking it, because it is antiinflammatory, does not count.

BPC-157 benefits, dosage, and side effects

BPC-157: The latest and most important research. Expert analysis and supporting evidence for practical effects, potential risks, and more.

examine.com

 

[BadassBlues]

Oral BPC-157 can be utilized alongside GLP-1 agonists to diminish some of the side effects, nausea, diarrhea, constipation and abdominal pain. A lot of the weight loss clinics are combining the two. I am researching a bit deeper to see if I can find something a bit more substantial.

I had some unpleasant side effects with Tirzepatide, as have many others. I am curious to see if the combination of the two can help to alleviate the negative side effects.

 

[sammmy]

Marketing articles on sites that sell peptides are not a proof that a peptide is safe or effective.

Regarding BPC-157, human studies are missing, mice studies of the potential to promote tumor spreading via angiogenesis are missing, anecdotal reports that a single ulcer was healed are missing ...

Conclusion, buy on your own risk, if you believe in marketing fairy tales.

 

[BadassBlues]

Celecoxib-induced gastrointestinal, liver and brain lesions in rats, counteraction by BPC 157 or L-arginine, aggravation by L-NAME - PubMed

BPC 157 and L-arginine alleviate gastrointestinal, liver and brain lesions, redressing NSAIDs' post-surgery application and NO system involvement.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Celecoxib-induced gastrointestinal, liver and brain lesions in rats, counteraction by BPC 157 or L-arginine, aggravation by L-NAME​

Domagoj Drmic 1, Danijela Kolenc 1, Spomenko Ilic 1, Lara Bauk 1, Marko Sever 1, Anita Zenko Sever 1, Kresimir Luetic 1, Jelena Suran 1, Sven Seiwerth 1, Predrag Sikiric 1
Affiliations expand

• PMID: 28839430
• PMCID: PMC5550779
• DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i29.5304

Free PMC article

Abstract​

Aim: To counteract/reveal celecoxib-induced toxicity and NO system involvement.
Methods: Celecoxib (1 g/kg b.w. ip) was combined with therapy with stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (known to inhibit these lesions, 10 μg/kg, 10 ng/kg, or 1 ng/kg ip) and L-arginine (100 mg/kg ip), as well as NOS blockade [N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)] (5 mg/kg ip) given alone and/or combined immediately after celecoxib. Gastrointestinal, liver, and brain lesions and liver enzyme serum values in rats were assessed at 24 h and 48 h thereafter.
Results: This high-dose celecoxib administration, as a result of NO system dysfunction, led to gastric, liver, and brain lesions and increased liver enzyme serum values. The L-NAME-induced aggravation of the lesions was notable for gastric lesions, while in liver and brain lesions the beneficial effect of L-arginine was blunted. L-arginine counteracted gastric, liver and brain lesions. These findings support the NO system mechanism(s), both NO system agonization (L-arginine) and NO system antagonization (L-NAME), that on the whole are behind all of these COX phenomena. An even more complete antagonization was identified with BPC 157 (at both 24 h and 48 h). A beneficial effect was evident on all the increasingly negative effects of celecoxib and L-NAME application and in all the BPC 157 groups (L-arginine + BPC 157; L-NAME + BPC 157; L-NAME + L-arginine + BPC 157). Thus, these findings demonstrated that BPC 157 may equally counteract both COX-2 inhibition (counteracting the noxious effects of celecoxib on all lesions) and additional NOS blockade (equally counteracting the noxious effects of celecoxib + L-NAME).
Conclusion: BPC 157 and L-arginine alleviate gastrointestinal, liver and brain lesions, redressing NSAIDs' post-surgery application and NO system involvement.
Keywords: BPC 157; Celecoxib; L-arginine; N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; Rats.
PubMed Disclaimer

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[BadassBlues]

BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors. Gastrointestinal Tract Healing, Lessons from Tendon, Ligament, Muscle and Bone Healing - PubMed

Commonly, the angiogenic growth factors signify healing. However, gastrointestinal ulceration is still poorly understood particularly with respect to a general pharmacological/pathophysiological role of various angiogenic growth factors implemented in growth factors wound healing concept...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors. Gastrointestinal Tract Healing, Lessons from Tendon, Ligament, Muscle and Bone Healing​

Sven Seiwerth 1, Rudolf Rucman 1, Branko Turkovic 1, Marko Sever 1, Robert Klicek 1, Bozo Radic 1, Domagoj Drmic 1, Mirjana Stupnisek 1, Marija Misic 1, Lovorka Batelja Vuletic 1, Katarina Horvat Pavlov 1, Ivan Barisic 1, Antonio Kokot 1, Mladen Japjec 1, Alenka Boban Blagaic 1, Ante Tvrdeic 1, Dinko Stancic Rokotov 1, Hrvoje Vrcic 1, Mario Staresinic 1, Bozidar Sebecic 1, Predrag Sikiric 1
Affiliations expand

• PMID: 29998800
• DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180712110447

Abstract​

Commonly, the angiogenic growth factors signify healing. However, gastrointestinal ulceration is still poorly understood particularly with respect to a general pharmacological/pathophysiological role of various angiogenic growth factors implemented in growth factors wound healing concept. Thereby, we focused on the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, a peptide given always alone vs. standard peptidergic angiogenic growth factors (EGF, FGF, VEGF), and numerous carriers. Further, we reviewed how the gastrointestinal tract healing could be generally perceived (i) in terms of angiogenic growth factors, and/or (ii) through the healing of extragastrointestinal tissues healing, such as tendon, ligament, muscle and bone, and vice versa. Respected were the beneficial effects obtained with free peptides or peptides with different carriers; EGF, FGF, VEGF, and BPC 157, their presentation along with injuries, and a healing commonality, providing their implementation in both gastrointestinal ulcer healing and tendon, ligament, muscle and bone healing. Only BPC 157 was consistently effective in all of the models of acute/chronic injury of esophagus, stomach, duodenum and lower gastrointestinal tract, intraperitoneally, per-orally or locally. Unlike bFGF-, EGF-, VEGF-gastrointestinal tract studies demonstrating improved healing, most of the studies on tendon, muscle and bone injuries provide evidence of their (increased) presentation along with the various procedures used to produce beneficial effects, compared to fewer studies in vitro, while in vivo healing has a limited number of studies, commonly limited to local application, diverse healing evidence with diverse carriers and delivery systems. Contrary to this, BPC 157 - using same regimens like in gastrointestinal healing studies - improves tendon, ligament and bone healing, accurately implementing its own angiogenic effect in the healing. Thus, we claim that just BPC 157 represents in practice a pharmacological and pathophysiological role of various peptidergic growth factors.

 

[sammmy]

Most of the promotional marketing studies of BPC-157 come from Croatia. That makes me think they have a financial incentive.

Also, despite many studies with rats, they are afraid to do a single human study in 30 years. Is it because they are not sure the stuff is safe and do not want to bear the responsibility if someone gets cancer because of it?

Substances that promote blood vessels are typically promoting tumors and the Croatia researchers must know that very well, which explains their hesitance to do a human study.

Rule of thumb: if a supplement is promoted as a miraculous panacea with no side effects, that is a sure sign of snake oil. If BPC-157 was that miraculous, Mother Nature would have employed it already in billions years of evolution, especially since it is claimed it is the active part of natural gastric peptides.

 

[BadassBlues]

Most of the promotional marketing studies of BPC-157 come from Croatia.

That makes me think they have a financial incentive.

Also, despite many studies with rats, they are afraid to do a single human study in 30 years.

Is it because they are not sure the stuff is safe and do not want to bear the responsibility if someone gets cancer because of it? Substances the promote blood vessels are typically promoting tumors and the Croatia researchers must know that very well, which explains why there isn't a single human study.

The peptide has been around for years with excellent efficacy and has been proven safe. If you have any evidence of it being unsafe, please post it.

 

[sammmy]

The peptide has been around for years with excellent efficacy and has been proven safe. If you have any evidence of it being unsafe, please post it.

If not, please take your negativity to another post.

I don't see any evidence in your posts that BPC-157 is safe and effective for humans. All you posted is promotional mice studies from Croatia and infomercials from sites selling it.

If you don't have an actual proof it is safe and effective in humans, please take your advertisements to another forum OR you will be reported as commercial spam!

Elementary search on this site, shows only reports of people that spent hundreds of $$$ on BPC-157 and it failed to deliver the healing powers claimed in your articles.

 

[BadassBlues]

The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration - PubMed

Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, composed of 15 amino acids, is a partial sequence of body protection compound (BPC) that is discovered in and isolated from human gastric juice. Experimentally it has been demonstrated to accelerate the healing of many different wounds, including transected rat Achilles...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration​

Chung-Hsun Chang 1, Wen-Chung Tsai, Miao-Sui Lin, Ya-Hui Hsu, Jong-Hwei Su Pang
Affiliations expand

• PMID: 21030672
• DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00945.2010

Free article

Abstract​

Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, composed of 15 amino acids, is a partial sequence of body protection compound (BPC) that is discovered in and isolated from human gastric juice. Experimentally it has been demonstrated to accelerate the healing of many different wounds, including transected rat Achilles tendon. This study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of BPC 157 to enhance healing of injured tendon. The outgrowth of tendon fibroblasts from tendon explants cultured with or without BPC 157 was examined. Results showed that BPC 157 significantly accelerated the outgrowth of tendon explants. Cell proliferation of cultured tendon fibroblasts derived from rat Achilles tendon was not directly affected by BPC 157 as evaluated by MTT assay. However, the survival of BPC 157-treated cells was significantly increased under the H(2)O(2) stress. BPC 157 markedly increased the in vitro migration of tendon fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner as revealed by transwell filter migration assay. BPC 157 also dose dependently accelerated the spreading of tendon fibroblasts on culture dishes. The F-actin formation as detected by FITC-phalloidin staining was induced in BPC 157-treated fibroblasts. The protein expression and activation of FAK and paxillin were determined by Western blot analysis, and the phosphorylation levels of both FAK and paxillin were dose dependently increased by BPC 157 while the total amounts of protein was unaltered. In conclusion, BPC 157 promotes the ex vivo outgrowth of tendon fibroblasts from tendon explants, cell survival under stress, and the in vitro migration of tendon fibroblasts, which is likely mediated by the activation of the FAK-paxillin pathway.

 

[sammmy]

Here is something of value for your advertisement department.

No matter how many promotional "studies" you post to boost sales, the lack of positive anecdotal reports is glaring.

A few hundred $$$ on the "miraculous" BPC-157 did not help tendonitis:

BPC157/TB500 Not helping

Have used 30MG of BPC157 + 30MG of TB500 since November 1. For the first 10 days it seemed to help, but then nothing since. I did break my nose and sprained my thumb in an accident right after I started, so maybe is was all going to repair the nose? The tissue damage on the surface of my nose...

www.excelmale.com

Another failure of the "antiinflammatory" BPC-157 in arthritis:

Peptides for arthritis?

I go every 6 months to get inter-articular injections in the left knee. That seems relatively easy to do. I tried the same hyaluronic injections in the shoulder and they had to use the ultrasound guided method. Pretty complicated. I did find this out about prescribing HGH: In 1988 and 1990...

www.excelmale.com

Where are the independent anecdotal reports/reviews of healing ulcers with BPC-157. That's right, THERE AREN'T ANY!

So careful with the sales tactics on here. You are more obvious than you think.

 

[DixieWrecked]

I do appreciate some skepticism but how does the bro science look? Any users reported their experiences, good or bad?

 

[BadassBlues]

I do appreciate some skepticism but how does the bro science look? Any users reported their experiences, good or bad?

That is what I am trying to determine myself, hence the studies. This post stemmed from a post by another member who owns a peptide company and is working on an oral GHK cu formulation, he asked my opinion on that. In my research, I came across some interesting information and since then have discovered more. So I decided to make a separate post to explore the subject.

Like anything else, you are going to get mixed opinions and experiences. I have personally not tried either form of BPC 157, so I have no anecdotal information to pass along as yet.

The main point is to determine the differences of oral vs injection. There is a lot of anecdotal information to be found, good, bad and indifferent. I have no dog in the fight, I'm just doing research to see if it may be something I would try myself.

 

[sammmy]

From now on, I am reporting any such blatantly advertising posts with "articles" from sites selling peptides.

Moreover, any time someone does that, I will post an ANTI-advertisement with anecdotal reports that show the stuff they are promoting does not work and is a waste of money. Let's see how that will influence sales...

This is NOT your advertisement BOARD and I could care less if I am on the "ignore list" of some arrogant advertiser misleading people for money.

 

[sammmy]

More actual posts reporting that BPC-157 did not deliver the claimed benefits:

BPC 157 TB500

Good morning Have started to come up against some real challenges on joints these past 10 years (now 50) after training consistently for >35 years. Elbows, back, knees and was expecting good things from a 6 week course of BPC 157 oral (Unbreakable) and 10mg per week of tb500 injected into...

www.excelmale.com

So much about the disconnect between reality and marketing hype that some are attempting to create here.

Use the Search people and save your money for something more beneficial.

 

[FunkOdyssey]

I do appreciate some skepticism but how does the bro science look? Any users reported their experiences, good or bad?

I proposed its name should be changed from BPC-157 to APC-157 (Anhedonia Promoting Compound 157) if that tells you anything about my experience. That's literally all it did for me.

 

[DixieWrecked]

From now on, I am reporting any such blatantly advertising posts with "articles" from sites selling peptides.

Moreover, any time someone does that, I will post an ANTI-advertisement with anecdotal reports that show the stuff they are promoting does not work and is a waste of money. Let's see how that will influence sales...

This is NOT your advertisement BOARD and I could care less if I am on the "ignore list" of some arrogant advertiser misleading people for money.

Whoa! That escalated quickly. The links posted by Badassblues, a well-known member thats been here for 4 years, are to pubmed and examine. Seems like you are getting pretty worked up over a hunch that most likely just isn't true.

We hear you. Thanks for looking out for the forum. We appreciate the input but if you could just post the anecdotes that'll be helpful.

 

[sammmy]

I already posted some anecdotal reports that BPC-157 isn't the miracle that Badassblues claims it to be. More anecdotes can be found with Search on this forum.

Badassblues posted actually links to a site selling peptides, trying to pass this as "research", and claims BPC-157 is "safe and effective" for humans when there is no data confirming that, neither as actual human studies, nor as user reports.

Such sleazy selling tactics do now fly with me. People come here to share to improve their health not to be bombarded by a covert marketing hype about ineffective, overpriced, and not proven safe drugs. Sharing your personal experience is fine but Badassblues has been doing flat out marketing promotion of peptides based on no human research and contradicted by most user reports on those.

 

[BadassBlues]

This post is focused on the oral route for BPC 157 and the possibilities it may have for digestive ailments and overall gut health.

The studies posted are there for reference and educational purposes. There are many questions to be answered before any kind of determination can be made as to the application of the oral use of BPC 157.

A brief history of the peptide is in order. BPC 157 is a naturally occurring compound that we all have in our gastric juices. The synthetic version consists of 15 amino acids.

BPC is an acronym for Body Protection Compound. The theory is that by adding additional amounts of this naturally occurring compound to our endogenous production, we can enhance the healing and regenerative effects. BPC was discovered years ago by researchers looking at the healing benefits of gastric juices. The studies presented, along with anecdotal evidence would indicate a strong possibility that this is true in certain cases. There have been no human trials as yet, but a lot of anecdotal evidence with a predictable range of variables is easily found by searching the subject.

Theoretically speaking, it would make sense that amplifying the regenerative and reparative effects of the healing properties of our natural gastric juices could be a good thing for certain people in certain situations. Also speaking theoretically, some people would likely not see any benefit from it. Simply put, "If it aint broke, don't fix it" might apply here.

BPC 157 has a notable effect on neurotransmitters, which is completely understandable as neurotransmitters are directly involved in the digestive process.

Neurotransmitters Regulation and Food Intake: The Role of Dietary Sources in Neurotransmission

Neurotransmitters (NTs) are biologically active chemicals, which mediate the electrochemical transmission between neurons. NTs control numerous organic functions particularly crucial for life, including movement, emotional responses, and the physical ...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Most NTs, including dopamine (DA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, and endocannabinoids, are synthesized within the gut and in the brain. About 95 % of the body’s serotonin comes from the gut, where it behaves both as a paracrine messenger and as a NT [5,6]. NTs are major functional molecules in the immune system, signaling the occurrence of certain actions [7]. The functions of some major NTs are shown in Figure 2. Studies have highlighted a possible linkage between NT dysfunction and many neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease [8], depression, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder [9], and fibromyalgia [10].

(A quick shoutout to @FunkOdyssey in relation to the anhedonia experienced while taking BPC 157)

It would be easy to see why certain subsets of people may have widely differing experiences with this compound.

There is a lot to unpack and discover here. My immediate questions regarding the oral administration are:

1. Considering this is a derivative of the gastric juices, is it still subject to degradation in the stomach by stomach acids?

2. If the stomach in particular is the target, should the capsules be enteric coated?

3. Is it still as effective for digestive health if it does bypass the stomach (enteric coating) and is absorbed in the intestinal tract?

4. Possibility of a 2 layer delivery system, 1 for the stomach and 1 for the intestinal tract?

I do believe this merits further investigation. I can see it as a potential benefit for certain situations.

All thoughts and ideas are welcome.