In 1999, 1 year after the approval of the first oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction(ED), the first Princeton Consensus Conference was held to address the clinical management of men with ED who also had cardiovascular disease. These issues were readdressed in the second and third conferences. In the 13 years since the last Princeton Consensus Conference, the experience with PDE5 inhibitors is more robust, and recent new data have emerged regarding not only...
Independent Risk Marker: Erectile dysfunction (ED) should be considered an independent risk marker for coronary artery disease (CAD). It predates significant cardiac events, including myocardial infarctions and sudden cardiac deaths, often by several years. Thus, it can serve as an early indicator for potential cardiovascular issues.
Inclusion in Risk Calculators: The P4 panel advocates for the inclusion of ED as a risk-enhancing factor in cardiovascular risk assessment tools. Currently, only the QRISK calculator incorporates...
* The P4 panel recommendations confirm that ED is a strong, independent predictor of cardiac events, even when traditional risk factors such as cholesterol, diabetes and blood pressure are controlled for. In short, ED is the body's "check engine light" for heart disease.
* Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors — such as sildenafil and tadalafil — remain first line therapy for ED. The P4 recommendations, however, suggest that these medications may offer more than symptom relief. Multiple large studies show that men taking PDE5 inhibitors have lower rates of heart...
* The P4 panel recommendations confirm that ED is a strong, independent predictor of cardiac events, even when traditional risk factors such as cholesterol, diabetes and blood pressure are controlled for. In short, ED is the body's "check engine light" for heart disease.
* Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors — such as sildenafil and tadalafil — remain first line therapy for ED. The P4 recommendations, however, suggest that these medications may offer more than symptom relief. Multiple large studies show that men taking PDE5 inhibitors have lower rates of heart...
Predict estradiol, DHT, and free testosterone levels based on total testosterone
⚠️ Medical Disclaimer
This tool provides predictions based on statistical models and should NOT replace professional medical advice.
Always consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your TRT protocol.
ℹ️ Input Parameters
Normal range: 300-1000 ng/dL
Predicted Hormone Levels
Enter your total testosterone value to see predictions
Results will appear here after calculation
Understanding Your Hormones
Estradiol (E2)
A form of estrogen produced from testosterone. Important for bone health, mood, and libido.
Too high can cause side effects; too low can affect well-being.
DHT
Dihydrotestosterone is a potent androgen derived from testosterone. Affects hair growth,
prostate health, and masculinization effects.
Free Testosterone
The biologically active form of testosterone not bound to proteins.
Directly available for cellular uptake and biological effects.
Scientific Reference
Lakshman KM, Kaplan B, Travison TG, Basaria S, Knapp PE, Singh AB, LaValley MP, Mazer NA, Bhasin S. The effects of injected testosterone dose and age on the conversion of testosterone to estradiol and dihydrotestosterone in young and older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Aug;95(8):3955-64.
