"Behind the Pill: Antidepressants' Impact on Sex and Serotonin'

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madman

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ABSTRACT

Depression and anxiety are common, with one in six people experiencing symptoms in any given week. Of these people, 8.32 million are prescribed antidepressants. People living with HIV are likely to experience psychiatric disorder, with one in three experiencing depression and anxiety, and being at greater risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder. Sexual side effects of psychotropic medication are very common, cause distress, and can persist even after the medication has been withdrawn. Antidepressants are powerful drugs and can have severe interactions with many other substances. This article seeks to raise awareness of sexual side-effects of psychotropic medications and draw attention to ethical issues related to post selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sexual dysfunction (PSSD). Additional risk factors and interactions between psychotropic medications and recreational drugs are identified. Recommendations are made to improve care and clinical outcomes through the development of therapeutic alliances.





Conclusion

Antidepressants are powerful drugs, with significant interactions, which are prescribed to over 8 million people in the UK alone. People living with HIV are more likely to experience depression, anxiety or PTSD, and are likely to be offered SSRIs as treatment for these conditions. Clinicians have a duty of care to ensure that all medications are prescribed safely, and this is paramount with regard to the prescription of SSRIs due to the propensity for severe interactions with recreational drugs, and over-the-counter medicine. PSSD is a rare, but potentially long-lasting, consequence of SSRI use, and healthcare ethics dictate that those being offered antidepressants must be made aware of the risks.

Chemsex is associated with a higher incidence of mental illness, and care must be taken to ensure that individuals seeking mental health care are not prescribed antidepressants if they are consuming recreational stimulant drugs. Nurses play a key role in forging supportive and non-judgemental therapeutic alliances, so that the individuals they support feel safe to discuss aspects of their life that have historically been associated with stigma.
 

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KEY POINTS

■ People living with HIV are more likely to experience mental illness and may be prescribed psychotropic medications

■ There may be an informed accountability gap when discussing the sexual side-effects of this medication. This is particularly important given the long lasting impact of post-SSRI sexual dysfunction

■ Clinicians should enquire about sexual function and recreational drug use as part of a comprehensive history taking. A positive, non-judgemental attitude will support patients to discuss these issues

■ Clinicians must ensure that individuals are aware of the risks of serotonin syndrome and be mindful of the interactions between serotonergic agents that can cause this
 
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CPD reflective questions

■ Reflect on your own knowledge of the sexual side-effects of psychotropic medications. Is this something you currently discuss with the patients you work with?

■ Thinking about post-SSRI sexual dysfunction, do you think there are any moral or ethical issues in not disclosing this as a possible long-term consequence of taking antidepressants?

■ Consider your service. Are you familiar with the local referral pathways into mental health or chemsex support services? If not, do you think a mapping exercise would be useful?

■ Would you feel comfortable initiating conversations about sex, drugs or psychiatry with the patients you work with? If not, how might you raise your confidence in doing so, given the risks outlined in this article?
 
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