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Antioxidant effects of N-acetylcysteine on the male reproductive system: A systematic review
Aliasghar Ghafarizadeh | Mahdi Malmir | Samira Naderi Noreini | Tayebeh Faraj
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine on the male reproductive system and consensus and classification of data found from previous studies. It is undeniable that N-acetyl cysteine as a powerful antioxidant compound can medicate many diseases such as cardiovascular, kidney, liver, and reproductive system disorders. With the increasing environmental pollution that has a direct adverse effect on male fertility, the use of this compound is able to positively function on human fertility health. In this study, we have been collected the main data of scientific articles (1994–2020) about N-acetyl cysteine effects. By searching in the scientific databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Wiley, and Web of Science, related articles were extracted. As a result, all observations have confirmed that N-acetyl cysteine can improve and normalize the spermatogenesis in the male reproduction system.
1 | INTRODUCTION
NAC is a cysteine-derived amino acid compound developed in the 1950s that acts as an antioxidant by increasing glutathione (Malmir, Soleimani Mehranjani, et al., 2018). It is a powerful antioxidant compound that, due to its properties, can be effective in male and female infertility, cardiovascular diseases, human immunodeficiency virus infections, liver poisoning, and metal poisoning (Malmir, Soleimani Mehranjani, et al., 2018; Millea et al., 2009). In the research studies, one of the key issues is dose founding. In the infertility theme, due to a large number of studies on a particular topic, finding out how different doses of an antioxidant or toxin affect laboratory animals or humans requires a lot of time-consuming. Therefore, three complete tables to express the effects of NAC on spermatogenesis, testicular tissue, and blood biochemistry were designed for two purposes: first, easy access to important results of a past study for future research and second, explaining the effect of NAC on the treatment of male infertility.
3 | CHEMICAL STRUCTURE DEPICTION NAC
4 | CLINICAL EFFECT OF NAC
5 | OXIDATIVE STRESS & ANTIOXIDANT
6 | MECHANISM OF ACTION OF NAC
7 | IMPROVING SPERMATOGENESIS BY NAC
8 | IMPROVING TESTICULAR TISSUE BY NAC
9 | IMPROVING BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS BY NAC
10 | COMPENSATING ADVERSE EFFECT OF VARIOUS TOXINS AND CONDITIONS BY NAC
11 | CONCLUSION
The results of the present study indicate that NAC is a capable antioxidant and humans have used its pharmacological properties to treat a variety of diseases over the past 30 years. Antioxidant administration to improve male fertility has been shown to boost the function of the reproductive system against various environmental pollutants that cause oxidative stress. In light of recent scientific evidence, the positive effects of NAC on spermatogenesis and improved testicular function are undeniable. Therefore, it is recommended to prescribe this drug to the therapy of diseases caused by the effects of oxidative stress induction on the male reproductive system.
Aliasghar Ghafarizadeh | Mahdi Malmir | Samira Naderi Noreini | Tayebeh Faraj
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine on the male reproductive system and consensus and classification of data found from previous studies. It is undeniable that N-acetyl cysteine as a powerful antioxidant compound can medicate many diseases such as cardiovascular, kidney, liver, and reproductive system disorders. With the increasing environmental pollution that has a direct adverse effect on male fertility, the use of this compound is able to positively function on human fertility health. In this study, we have been collected the main data of scientific articles (1994–2020) about N-acetyl cysteine effects. By searching in the scientific databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Wiley, and Web of Science, related articles were extracted. As a result, all observations have confirmed that N-acetyl cysteine can improve and normalize the spermatogenesis in the male reproduction system.
1 | INTRODUCTION
NAC is a cysteine-derived amino acid compound developed in the 1950s that acts as an antioxidant by increasing glutathione (Malmir, Soleimani Mehranjani, et al., 2018). It is a powerful antioxidant compound that, due to its properties, can be effective in male and female infertility, cardiovascular diseases, human immunodeficiency virus infections, liver poisoning, and metal poisoning (Malmir, Soleimani Mehranjani, et al., 2018; Millea et al., 2009). In the research studies, one of the key issues is dose founding. In the infertility theme, due to a large number of studies on a particular topic, finding out how different doses of an antioxidant or toxin affect laboratory animals or humans requires a lot of time-consuming. Therefore, three complete tables to express the effects of NAC on spermatogenesis, testicular tissue, and blood biochemistry were designed for two purposes: first, easy access to important results of a past study for future research and second, explaining the effect of NAC on the treatment of male infertility.
3 | CHEMICAL STRUCTURE DEPICTION NAC
4 | CLINICAL EFFECT OF NAC
5 | OXIDATIVE STRESS & ANTIOXIDANT
6 | MECHANISM OF ACTION OF NAC
7 | IMPROVING SPERMATOGENESIS BY NAC
8 | IMPROVING TESTICULAR TISSUE BY NAC
9 | IMPROVING BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS BY NAC
10 | COMPENSATING ADVERSE EFFECT OF VARIOUS TOXINS AND CONDITIONS BY NAC
11 | CONCLUSION
The results of the present study indicate that NAC is a capable antioxidant and humans have used its pharmacological properties to treat a variety of diseases over the past 30 years. Antioxidant administration to improve male fertility has been shown to boost the function of the reproductive system against various environmental pollutants that cause oxidative stress. In light of recent scientific evidence, the positive effects of NAC on spermatogenesis and improved testicular function are undeniable. Therefore, it is recommended to prescribe this drug to the therapy of diseases caused by the effects of oxidative stress induction on the male reproductive system.
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