I will be posting a review of this paper soon
Estrogens and Male Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common clinical problems in urology and affect the majority of men at some time during their lives. The development of BPH/LUTS is associated with an increased ratio of estrogen to androgen levels, and this ratio, when mimicked in a variety of animals, induces BPH and lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). While the precise molecular etiology remains unclear, estro- gens have been implicated in the development and mainte- nance of BPH. Numerous endogenous and exogenous estro- gens exist in humans. These estrogens act via multiple estro- gen receptors to promote or inhibit prostatic hyperplasia and other BPH-associated processes. The prostate is an estrogen target tissue, and estrogens directly and indirectly affect growth and differentiation of prostate. The precise role of estrogen action directly affecting prostate growth and differentiation in the context of BPH is an understudied area and remains to be elucidated. Estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been shown to promote or inhibit prostate proliferation illustrating their potential roles in the development of BPH as therapy. More work will be required to identify estrogen signaling pathways associated with LUTD in order to develop more efficacious drugs for BPH treatment and prevention.
Keywords Benign prostatic hyperplasia . Selective estrogen receptor modulators . Lower urinary tract dysfunction . Treatment
* William A. Ricke
1 Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
2 Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland
Ave, 7107 WIMR, Madison, WI, USA
3 Medical Scientist Training Program and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
4 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of
Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
5 George M. O'Brien Benign Urology Research Center, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA