What is new in female sexual medicine?

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madman

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Listen to the latest ISSM Podcast. Sue Goldstein, the current President of the International Society of the Study of Sexual Health (ISSWSH), joins ISSM Podcast host Sameena Rahman to discuss "What is new in female sexual medicine?


Goldstein's knowledge in the field runs deep!
 
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*The mean total and free T levels significantly changed over the menstrual cycle. The mean total T levels increased gradually from 15.6 ± 11.9 ng/dL in the early follicular phase to a midcycle peak level of 43.6 ± 16.2 ng/dL (P=.01; Fig. 1 and Table 2). The mean midcycle peak free T levels were significantly higher than those in the early follicular phase (15.6 ± 11.9 pg/mL vs. 9.00 ± 3.12 pg/mL; P=.05; Fig. 1 and Table 2). The serum total T levels were higher during the early luteal phase than in the follicular phase but declined gradually during the luteal phase; therefore, the mean T levels did not significantly differ between the luteal and follicular phases


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*As expected in normally cycling healthy women, the LH levels increased gradually during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and peaked at midcycle (LH surge) indicating the timing of ovulation (Fig. 1). The mean total and free T levels significantly changed over the menstrual cycle. The mean total T levels increased gradually from 15.6 ± 11.9 ng/dL in the early follicular phase to a midcycle peak level of 43.6 ± 16.2 ng/dL (P=.01; Fig. 1 and Table 2). The mean midcycle peak free T levels were significantly higher than those in the early follicular phase (15.6 ± 11.9 pg/mL vs. 9.00 ± 3.12 pg/mL; P=.05; Fig. 1 and Table 2). The serum total T levels were higher during the early luteal phase than in the follicular phase but declined gradually during the luteal phase; therefore, the mean T levels did not significantly differ between the luteal and follicular phases

* We found that the serum total and free T levels increased progressively across the follicular phase and peaked at their highest levels at midcycle. During the luteal phase, the total and free T levels gradually declined to levels similar to the follicular phase. These changes in the total and free T levels across the menstrual cycle are consistent with previously published data (5, 6, 29) although the absolute mean T levels in our study are higher than values reported in some prior studies

*The differences in the absolute total T levels could be because of differences in the assay calibrators or the more frequent blood sampling every 3 days across the entire menstrual cycle in our study, which may have enabled a more comprehensive assessment of the mean levels across the different phases. As the LC-MS/MS assay for the measurement of the total T levels used in our analyses is certified by the CDC’s HoST, which is based on an accuracy standard, these ranges can be used across other laboratories and assays that are also certified by the HoST. The intensive sampling across 2 menstrual cycles enabled a more detailed characterization of the changes in these hormones than has been performed in most previous studies

*The qualitative changes in the free T levels reported in this study are not dissimilar from those reported previously by others. However, the absolute free T levels have varied substantially among studies largely because of the differences in the methods for determining the free T levels. Some studies estimated the free T levels in these studies using linear binding equations whose underlying assumptions of binding affinity and dynamics have been shown to be inaccurate (30, 31)

*Although the equilibrium dialysis method is widely believed to be the reference method, the free T levels determined using this method also vary among laboratories depending on the dialysis conditions, buffer composition, dialysis duration, and T assay.
Because the commercial laboratories do not report the procedural details of the equilibrium dialysis, sampling method, or characteristics of the participants from which their reference ranges are derived, it is difficult to evaluate their methods or ascertain the sources of differences in their reported reference ranges. The commercial T assays also do not take into account the phase of the menstrual cycle in which the blood was collected

*To overcome these challenges, we report here the details of the standardized equilibrium dialysis method used to separate bound and unbound T and using an LC-MS/MS method that has been certified by the CDC’s HoST (32). Other laboratories using these standardized conditions for equilibrium dialysis and a CDC-certified assay for T should be able to use the reported free T values in the context of the menstrual phase in which the blood sample was drawn. Our data underscore the importance of establishing cycle-related physiologic reference ranges as well as the need to re-evaluate the reference values provided by commercial laboratories to avoid the potential for misdiagnosis of androgen disorders
 
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