Successful microdissection testicular sperm extraction for men with nonobstructive azoospermia

madman

Super Moderator
5. Conclusions

MD-TESE is well documented to be the most effective and safest method to optimize sperm recovery for men with NOA. Since NOA can be diagnosed without testicular biopsy in most cases, MD-TESE should in our opinion be offered as the first line procedure to these men. More data is needed to achieve more accurate prognostic tools to help in preoperative counseling. In experienced hands combined with good quality ICSI, MD-TESE offers some men with NOA a real chance of biological fatherhood.
 

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Predict estradiol, DHT, and free testosterone levels based on total testosterone

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This tool provides predictions based on statistical models and should NOT replace professional medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your TRT protocol.

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Understanding Your Hormones

Estradiol (E2)

A form of estrogen produced from testosterone. Important for bone health, mood, and libido. Too high can cause side effects; too low can affect well-being.

DHT

Dihydrotestosterone is a potent androgen derived from testosterone. Affects hair growth, prostate health, and masculinization effects.

Free Testosterone

The biologically active form of testosterone not bound to proteins. Directly available for cellular uptake and biological effects.

Scientific Reference

Lakshman KM, Kaplan B, Travison TG, Basaria S, Knapp PE, Singh AB, LaValley MP, Mazer NA, Bhasin S. The effects of injected testosterone dose and age on the conversion of testosterone to estradiol and dihydrotestosterone in young and older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Aug;95(8):3955-64.

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0102 | PMID: 20534765 | PMCID: PMC2913038

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