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General Peptide Use & Information
Oral BPC-157 For Potential Gut Health
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<blockquote data-quote="BadassBlues" data-source="post: 271790" data-attributes="member: 38526"><p>[URL unfurl="true"]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acid[/URL]</p><p></p><p><strong><em>Gastric acid</em></strong><em>, <strong>gastric juice</strong>, or <strong>stomach acid</strong> is a digestive fluid formed within the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_mucosa" target="_blank">stomach lining</a>. With a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" target="_blank">pH</a> between 1 and 3, gastric <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid" target="_blank">acid</a> plays a key role in digestion of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein" target="_blank">proteins</a> by activating <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_enzyme" target="_blank">digestive enzymes</a>, which together break down the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid#General_structure" target="_blank">long chains of amino acids</a> of proteins. Gastric acid is regulated in feedback systems to increase production when needed, such as after a meal. Other cells in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach" target="_blank">stomach</a> produce <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate" target="_blank">bicarbonate</a>, a base, to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffering_agent" target="_blank">buffer</a> the fluid, ensuring a regulated pH. These cells also produce <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucus" target="_blank">mucus</a> – a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity" target="_blank">viscous</a> barrier to prevent gastric acid from damaging the stomach. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas" target="_blank">pancreas</a> further produces large amounts of bicarbonate and secretes bicarbonate through the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_duct" target="_blank">pancreatic duct</a> to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum" target="_blank">duodenum</a> to neutralize gastric acid passing into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" target="_blank">digestive tract</a>.</em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em>The primary active component of gastric acid is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" target="_blank">hydrochloric acid</a> (HCl), which is produced by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cells" target="_blank">parietal cells</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_glands" target="_blank">gastric glands</a> in the stomach. The secretion is a complex and relatively energetically expensive process. Parietal cells contain an extensive secretory network (called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaliculus_(parietal_cell)" target="_blank">canaliculi</a>) from which the "hydrochloric acid" is secreted into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumen_(anatomy)" target="_blank">lumen</a> of the stomach. The pH of gastric acid is 1.5 to 3.5 in the human stomach lumen, a level maintained by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_pump" target="_blank">proton pump</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_potassium_ATPase" target="_blank">H+/K+ ATPase</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acid#cite_note-1" target="_blank">[1]</a> The parietal cell releases <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate" target="_blank">bicarbonate</a> into the bloodstream in the process, which causes a temporary rise of pH in the blood, known as an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_tide" target="_blank">alkaline tide</a>.</em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em>The highly acidic environment in the stomach lumen degrades <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein" target="_blank">proteins</a> (e.g., food). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_bond" target="_blank">Peptide bonds</a>, which comprise proteins, are labilized. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_chief_cell" target="_blank">gastric chief cells</a> of the stomach secrete <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" target="_blank">enzymes</a> for protein breakdown (inactive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsinogen" target="_blank">pepsinogen</a>, and in infancy <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennin" target="_blank">rennin</a>). The low pH activates pepsinogen into the enzyme <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsin" target="_blank">pepsin</a>, which then aids digestion by breaking the amino acid bonds, a process called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolysis" target="_blank">proteolysis</a>. In addition, many <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism" target="_blank">microorganisms</a> are inhibited or destroyed in an acidic environment, preventing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection" target="_blank">infection</a> or sickness.</em></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="BadassBlues, post: 271790, member: 38526"] [URL unfurl="true"]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acid[/URL] [B][I]Gastric acid[/I][/B][I], [B]gastric juice[/B], or [B]stomach acid[/B] is a digestive fluid formed within the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_mucosa']stomach lining[/URL]. With a [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH']pH[/URL] between 1 and 3, gastric [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid']acid[/URL] plays a key role in digestion of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein']proteins[/URL] by activating [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_enzyme']digestive enzymes[/URL], which together break down the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid#General_structure']long chains of amino acids[/URL] of proteins. Gastric acid is regulated in feedback systems to increase production when needed, such as after a meal. Other cells in the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach']stomach[/URL] produce [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate']bicarbonate[/URL], a base, to [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffering_agent']buffer[/URL] the fluid, ensuring a regulated pH. These cells also produce [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucus']mucus[/URL] – a [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity']viscous[/URL] barrier to prevent gastric acid from damaging the stomach. The [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas']pancreas[/URL] further produces large amounts of bicarbonate and secretes bicarbonate through the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_duct']pancreatic duct[/URL] to the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum']duodenum[/URL] to neutralize gastric acid passing into the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract']digestive tract[/URL]. The primary active component of gastric acid is [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid']hydrochloric acid[/URL] (HCl), which is produced by [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cells']parietal cells[/URL] in the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_glands']gastric glands[/URL] in the stomach. The secretion is a complex and relatively energetically expensive process. Parietal cells contain an extensive secretory network (called [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaliculus_(parietal_cell)']canaliculi[/URL]) from which the "hydrochloric acid" is secreted into the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumen_(anatomy)']lumen[/URL] of the stomach. The pH of gastric acid is 1.5 to 3.5 in the human stomach lumen, a level maintained by the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_pump']proton pump[/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_potassium_ATPase']H+/K+ ATPase[/URL].[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acid#cite_note-1'][1][/URL] The parietal cell releases [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate']bicarbonate[/URL] into the bloodstream in the process, which causes a temporary rise of pH in the blood, known as an [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_tide']alkaline tide[/URL]. The highly acidic environment in the stomach lumen degrades [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein']proteins[/URL] (e.g., food). [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_bond']Peptide bonds[/URL], which comprise proteins, are labilized. The [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_chief_cell']gastric chief cells[/URL] of the stomach secrete [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme']enzymes[/URL] for protein breakdown (inactive [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsinogen']pepsinogen[/URL], and in infancy [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennin']rennin[/URL]). The low pH activates pepsinogen into the enzyme [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsin']pepsin[/URL], which then aids digestion by breaking the amino acid bonds, a process called [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolysis']proteolysis[/URL]. In addition, many [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism']microorganisms[/URL] are inhibited or destroyed in an acidic environment, preventing [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection']infection[/URL] or sickness.[/I] [/QUOTE]
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Oral BPC-157 For Potential Gut Health
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