Metformin in Reproductive Biology

madman

Super Moderator
CONCLUSION

After half a century, metformin has established itself as a first defense against insulin-dependent morbidities and undoubtedly has become a useful drug for improving fertility outcomes in both male and female patients.Metformin can modify testis and ovary function directly through AMPK-dependent and independent mechanisms. Its effects include improved sperm function and fertilization rates, oocyte quality and embryo development and reduction in miscarriage rates. The general consensus in the literature is that metformin is considered safe to use during pregnancy in regards to perinatal outcomes. However, adverse effects of metformin in the germ cell populations of offsprings exposed in utero and those on subsequent generations are less clear. While our understanding of the effects of metformin is continually progressing ,further research is needed to have a more complete understanding of metformin’s impact on fertility
 

Attachments

hCG Mixing Calculator

HCG Mixing Protocol Calculator

TRT Hormone Predictor Widget

TRT Hormone Predictor

Predict estradiol, DHT, and free testosterone levels based on total testosterone

⚠️ Medical Disclaimer

This tool provides predictions based on statistical models and should NOT replace professional medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your TRT protocol.

ℹ️ Input Parameters

Normal range: 300-1000 ng/dL

Predicted Hormone Levels

Enter your total testosterone value to see predictions

Results will appear here after calculation

Understanding Your Hormones

Estradiol (E2)

A form of estrogen produced from testosterone. Important for bone health, mood, and libido. Too high can cause side effects; too low can affect well-being.

DHT

Dihydrotestosterone is a potent androgen derived from testosterone. Affects hair growth, prostate health, and masculinization effects.

Free Testosterone

The biologically active form of testosterone not bound to proteins. Directly available for cellular uptake and biological effects.

Scientific Reference

Lakshman KM, Kaplan B, Travison TG, Basaria S, Knapp PE, Singh AB, LaValley MP, Mazer NA, Bhasin S. The effects of injected testosterone dose and age on the conversion of testosterone to estradiol and dihydrotestosterone in young and older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Aug;95(8):3955-64.

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0102 | PMID: 20534765 | PMCID: PMC2913038

Beyond Testosterone Podcast

Online statistics

Members online
3
Guests online
308
Total visitors
311

Latest posts

Back
Top