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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Blood Test Discussion
Lab Results - 851 Test, low free test
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 261017" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong>Key points:</strong></p><p></p><p><em>*Physiological effects of androgens depend on different factors such as the number of androgen molecules, distribution of androgens and their metabolites inside the cell, interaction with the receptors, polyglutamine number of the amino-acid sequence in the androgen receptor, and receptor activation (Palazzolo et al. 2008). <strong>In order to achieve sufficient exposure to androgens in target tissues, their peripheral and local levels must be well balanced and the transport mechanisms must be in place. Obviously, production and clearance/excretion rates must be in balance as well.</strong> The action of androgens in target cells depends on the amount of steroid which can penetrate into the cells, the extent of metabolic conversions within the cells, the interactions with the receptor proteins, and, finally, upon the action of the androgen receptors at the genomic level. <strong>Unless mentioned specifically, this chapter refers to human data. It provides a timely overview of this topic and focuses on Leydig cells, regulation of Leydig cell function, steroidogenesis, transport and metabolism of testosterone, and genomic/non-genomic androgen actions. For more detailed and extensive descriptions on the various topics, the reader may also find the book The Leydig Cell in Health and Disease edited by Payne and Hardy (2007) useful</strong></em></p><p><em><strong></strong></em></p><p><em><strong></strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*In normal, healthy men with an intact hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, an increase in plasma concentrations of SHBG leads to an acute decrease of free testosterone and <u>simultaneous stimulation of testosterone synthesis, persisting until the achievement of normal concentrations</u></strong></em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em>*About 1.5–2% of serum testosterone is free and is believed to represent bioactive testosterone.<strong> Free and protein-bound testosterone and DHT are in equilibrium so that when the free hormone is subtracted from circulation because of entry into the tissue, <u>new testosterone dissociates from albumin and SHBG, a new equilibrium is promptly reached, and the free-hormone concentration in serum remains constant</u>. Conversely, pathophysiological conditions causing changes in binding protein concentration (e.g. pregnancy, hypo or hyperthyroidism, growth hormone (GH) excess, treatment with antiepileptic drugs) or displacement of testosterone from SHBG by drugs (e.g. danazol)<u> results in changes in total testosterone concentration in order to maintain constant free testosterone levels</u></strong></em></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 261017, member: 13851"] [B]Key points:[/B] [I]*Physiological effects of androgens depend on different factors such as the number of androgen molecules, distribution of androgens and their metabolites inside the cell, interaction with the receptors, polyglutamine number of the amino-acid sequence in the androgen receptor, and receptor activation (Palazzolo et al. 2008). [B]In order to achieve sufficient exposure to androgens in target tissues, their peripheral and local levels must be well balanced and the transport mechanisms must be in place. Obviously, production and clearance/excretion rates must be in balance as well.[/B] The action of androgens in target cells depends on the amount of steroid which can penetrate into the cells, the extent of metabolic conversions within the cells, the interactions with the receptor proteins, and, finally, upon the action of the androgen receptors at the genomic level. [B]Unless mentioned specifically, this chapter refers to human data. It provides a timely overview of this topic and focuses on Leydig cells, regulation of Leydig cell function, steroidogenesis, transport and metabolism of testosterone, and genomic/non-genomic androgen actions. For more detailed and extensive descriptions on the various topics, the reader may also find the book The Leydig Cell in Health and Disease edited by Payne and Hardy (2007) useful *In normal, healthy men with an intact hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, an increase in plasma concentrations of SHBG leads to an acute decrease of free testosterone and [U]simultaneous stimulation of testosterone synthesis, persisting until the achievement of normal concentrations[/U][/B] *About 1.5–2% of serum testosterone is free and is believed to represent bioactive testosterone.[B] Free and protein-bound testosterone and DHT are in equilibrium so that when the free hormone is subtracted from circulation because of entry into the tissue, [U]new testosterone dissociates from albumin and SHBG, a new equilibrium is promptly reached, and the free-hormone concentration in serum remains constant[/U]. Conversely, pathophysiological conditions causing changes in binding protein concentration (e.g. pregnancy, hypo or hyperthyroidism, growth hormone (GH) excess, treatment with antiepileptic drugs) or displacement of testosterone from SHBG by drugs (e.g. danazol)[U] results in changes in total testosterone concentration in order to maintain constant free testosterone levels[/U][/B][/I] [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Blood Test Discussion
Lab Results - 851 Test, low free test
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