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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone Basics & Questions
Estrogen at 4 but still getting bloat?
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<blockquote data-quote="Nelson Vergel" data-source="post: 219546" data-attributes="member: 3"><p>[URL unfurl="true"]https://www.testosteronewisdom.com/high-blood-pressure-on-testosterone-trt/[/URL]</p><p></p><p>TESTOSTERONE EFFECTS ON BODY WATER</p><p>The pioneers in the androgen field recognized that</p><p><strong>testosterone administration in androgen-deficient</strong></p><p><strong>men and in healthy women was associated with significant</strong></p><p><strong>retention of sodium, chloride, and potassium,</strong></p><p><strong>sulfur and phosphate </strong>(Knowlton et al, 1942;</p><p>Wilson 1996). Knowlton et al. (1942) reported that</p><p>much of the early weight gain could be accounted</p><p>for by water retention in association with retained</p><p>electrolytes and protein. When administration of</p><p>androgen is topped, sodium, potassium, and water</p><p>are lost quickly (Knowlton et al, 1942; Wilson</p><p>1996). Significant water retention resulting in edema</p><p>is unusual in healthy, hypogonadal men, who</p><p>are receiving replacement doses of testosterone.</p><p>However, supraphysiologic doses of testosterone</p><p>can result in edema and exacerbate heart failure</p><p>when given to men with pre-existing heart or kidney</p><p>disease. In clinical trials of testosterone replacement</p><p>in older men (Snyder et al, 1999; Sih et al,</p><p>1997, Tenover 1998; Kenny et al, 2001), the frequency</p><p>of edema and congestive heart failure in</p><p>testosterone-treated men has been very low.</p><p></p><p>This is the first controlled study demonstrating that testosterone increases ECW. Previous data concerning the effects of testosterone on plasma volume (19, 20) and urinary sodium excretion (18, 21) are limited and conflicting. The underlying mechanism is unknown, but several possibilities exist.<strong> Testosterone could act directly on the kidney, because androgen receptors are expressed in renal tubules (31). There is evidence that androgens stimulate the expression of the angiotensinogen gene in the kidney (32, 33). Therefore, androgens could activate the local renal RAAS to stimulate sodium and water retention through an autocrine or paracrine mechanism (34). The epithelial sodium channel plays an important role in the sodium balance, as demonstrated by genetic abnormalities in its activity, such as in Liddle’s syndrome (35). It has recently been reported that androgens increase mRNA expression of the α-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel in a human renal cell line (36), providing a potential mechanism of sodium and water retention by testosterone.</strong></p><p></p><p>[URL unfurl="true"]https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/90/7/3989/2837248[/URL]</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Nelson Vergel, post: 219546, member: 3"] [URL unfurl="true"]https://www.testosteronewisdom.com/high-blood-pressure-on-testosterone-trt/[/URL] TESTOSTERONE EFFECTS ON BODY WATER The pioneers in the androgen field recognized that [B]testosterone administration in androgen-deficient men and in healthy women was associated with significant retention of sodium, chloride, and potassium, sulfur and phosphate [/B](Knowlton et al, 1942; Wilson 1996). Knowlton et al. (1942) reported that much of the early weight gain could be accounted for by water retention in association with retained electrolytes and protein. When administration of androgen is topped, sodium, potassium, and water are lost quickly (Knowlton et al, 1942; Wilson 1996). Significant water retention resulting in edema is unusual in healthy, hypogonadal men, who are receiving replacement doses of testosterone. However, supraphysiologic doses of testosterone can result in edema and exacerbate heart failure when given to men with pre-existing heart or kidney disease. In clinical trials of testosterone replacement in older men (Snyder et al, 1999; Sih et al, 1997, Tenover 1998; Kenny et al, 2001), the frequency of edema and congestive heart failure in testosterone-treated men has been very low. This is the first controlled study demonstrating that testosterone increases ECW. Previous data concerning the effects of testosterone on plasma volume (19, 20) and urinary sodium excretion (18, 21) are limited and conflicting. The underlying mechanism is unknown, but several possibilities exist.[B] Testosterone could act directly on the kidney, because androgen receptors are expressed in renal tubules (31). There is evidence that androgens stimulate the expression of the angiotensinogen gene in the kidney (32, 33). Therefore, androgens could activate the local renal RAAS to stimulate sodium and water retention through an autocrine or paracrine mechanism (34). The epithelial sodium channel plays an important role in the sodium balance, as demonstrated by genetic abnormalities in its activity, such as in Liddle’s syndrome (35). It has recently been reported that androgens increase mRNA expression of the α-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel in a human renal cell line (36), providing a potential mechanism of sodium and water retention by testosterone.[/B] [URL unfurl="true"]https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/90/7/3989/2837248[/URL] [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone Basics & Questions
Estrogen at 4 but still getting bloat?
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