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Creatine monohydrate
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<blockquote data-quote="Stefk" data-source="post: 54135" data-attributes="member: 14382"><p><span style="color: #000000">[FONT=&quot]The following double-blind placebo-controlled study at the Stellenbosch University South Africa might be an interesting read. [/FONT]</span></p><p><span style="color: #000000">[FONT=&quot]<span style="font-family: 'Arial'"></span></span></p><p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'">Three weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation affects dihydrotestosterone to testosterone ratio in college-aged rugby players.</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"></span></span></p><p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"></span>[/FONT]</span></p><p>[h=3]Abstract[/b]<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'">[h=4]OBJECTIVE:[/b]This study investigated resting concentrations of selected androgens after 3 weeks of creatine supplementation in male rugby players. It was hypothesized that the ratio of dihydrotestosterone (DHT, a biologically more active androgen) to testosterone (T) would change with creatine supplementation.</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'">[h=4]DESIGN:[/b]Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study with a 6-week washout period.</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'">[h=4]SETTING:[/b]Rugby Institute in South Africa.</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'">[h=4]PARTICIPANTS:[/b]College-aged rugby players (n = 20) volunteered for the study, which took place during the competitive season.</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'">[h=4]INTERVENTIONS:[/b]Subjects loaded with creatine (25 g/day creatine with 25 g/day glucose) or placebo (50 g/day glucose) for 7 days followed by 14 days of maintenance (5 g/day creatine with 25 g/day glucose or 30 g/day glucose placebo).</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'">[h=4]MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:[/b]Serum T and DHT were measured and ratio calculated at baseline and after 7 days and 21 days of creatine supplementation (or placebo). Body composition measurements were taken at each time point.</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'">[h=4]RESULTS:[/b]After 7 days of creatine loading, or a further 14 days of creatine maintenance dose, serum T levels did not change. However, levels of DHT increased by 56% after 7 days of creatine loading and remained 40% above baseline after 14 days maintenance (P < 0.001). The ratio of DHT:T also increased by 36% after 7 days creatine supplementation and remained elevated by 22% after the maintenance dose (P < 0.01).</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'">[h=4]CONCLUSIONS:[/b]Creatine supplementation may, in part, act through an increased rate of conversion of T to DHT. Further investigation is warranted as a result of the high frequency of individuals using creatine supplementation and the long-term safety of alterations in circulating androgen composition. STATEMENT OF CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although creatine is a widely used ergogenic aid, the mechanisms of action are incompletely understood, particularly in relation to dihydrotestosterone, and therefore the long-term clinical safety cannot be guaranteed.</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"></span></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Stefk, post: 54135, member: 14382"] [COLOR=#000000][FONT="]The following double-blind placebo-controlled study at the Stellenbosch University South Africa might be an interesting read. [/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT="][FONT=arial] Three weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation affects dihydrotestosterone to testosterone ratio in college-aged rugby players. [/FONT][/FONT][/COLOR] [h=3]Abstract[/b][COLOR=#000000][FONT=arial][h=4]OBJECTIVE:[/b]This study investigated resting concentrations of selected androgens after 3 weeks of creatine supplementation in male rugby players. It was hypothesized that the ratio of dihydrotestosterone (DHT, a biologically more active androgen) to testosterone (T) would change with creatine supplementation. [h=4]DESIGN:[/b]Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study with a 6-week washout period. [h=4]SETTING:[/b]Rugby Institute in South Africa. [h=4]PARTICIPANTS:[/b]College-aged rugby players (n = 20) volunteered for the study, which took place during the competitive season. [h=4]INTERVENTIONS:[/b]Subjects loaded with creatine (25 g/day creatine with 25 g/day glucose) or placebo (50 g/day glucose) for 7 days followed by 14 days of maintenance (5 g/day creatine with 25 g/day glucose or 30 g/day glucose placebo). [h=4]MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:[/b]Serum T and DHT were measured and ratio calculated at baseline and after 7 days and 21 days of creatine supplementation (or placebo). Body composition measurements were taken at each time point. [h=4]RESULTS:[/b]After 7 days of creatine loading, or a further 14 days of creatine maintenance dose, serum T levels did not change. However, levels of DHT increased by 56% after 7 days of creatine loading and remained 40% above baseline after 14 days maintenance (P < 0.001). The ratio of DHT:T also increased by 36% after 7 days creatine supplementation and remained elevated by 22% after the maintenance dose (P < 0.01). [h=4]CONCLUSIONS:[/b]Creatine supplementation may, in part, act through an increased rate of conversion of T to DHT. Further investigation is warranted as a result of the high frequency of individuals using creatine supplementation and the long-term safety of alterations in circulating androgen composition. STATEMENT OF CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although creatine is a widely used ergogenic aid, the mechanisms of action are incompletely understood, particularly in relation to dihydrotestosterone, and therefore the long-term clinical safety cannot be guaranteed. [/FONT][/COLOR] [/QUOTE]
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