Sorry for the late reply. Its antimicrobial effect isn't its primary mechanism of action. Scientists have elucidated several mechanisms already and how berberine interacts with the cholesterol pathway as well as activating AMPK by inhibiting glucose oxidation in mitochondria. Both mechanisms are beneficial and none mention an anti-microbial effect.Until we have better evidence, taking berberine with antibacterial properties is kind of like taking an antibiotic chronically: a bad idea.
Taking it for a brief period as part of an anti-bacterial or anti-fungal effort for SIBO and SIFO can be useful, but not as a chronic remedy. I believe that we could even argue that many, if not all, of the apparent metabolic benefits of berberine are due to its beneficial effects on SIBO/SIFO.
Metformin makes you pee MORE.I've decided I'm going to give Metformin a try. My glucose is always around 100 and HA1c is 5.5 - 5.6. From what I've read Metformin also has "life extension" benefits. A very interesting drug, and if it can extend my life while lowering my frequency of nighttime urination, then I will be very happy.
As a side note, I have also been reading that cancer thrives in a sugary environment, and that the ideal glucose level is about 85. So that's another reason for me to lower my blood sugar (I recently had a patch of basal cell removed - would like to avoid that in the future too)
Definitely not the case with me. I'm down to once a night, and sometimes none (rarely). Prior to Metformin I was peeing 2 times a night, sometimes three.Metformin makes you pee MORE.
Predict estradiol, DHT, and free testosterone levels based on total testosterone
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A form of estrogen produced from testosterone. Important for bone health, mood, and libido. Too high can cause side effects; too low can affect well-being.
Dihydrotestosterone is a potent androgen derived from testosterone. Affects hair growth, prostate health, and masculinization effects.
The biologically active form of testosterone not bound to proteins. Directly available for cellular uptake and biological effects.
Lakshman KM, Kaplan B, Travison TG, Basaria S, Knapp PE, Singh AB, LaValley MP, Mazer NA, Bhasin S. The effects of injected testosterone dose and age on the conversion of testosterone to estradiol and dihydrotestosterone in young and older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Aug;95(8):3955-64.
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0102 | PMID: 20534765 | PMCID: PMC2913038