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Why the Coronavirus Seems to Hit Men Harder Than Women...Estrogen Levels?
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<blockquote data-quote="Nelson Vergel" data-source="post: 176385" data-attributes="member: 3"><p><strong>Does Estrogen Help Fight Coronavirus COVID-19</strong></p><p></p><p>Females, generally, mount more robust immune responses to viral challenges than males, which can result in more efficient virus clearance.<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0122" target="_blank">122</a> Epidemiological studies showed that males experiencing a higher rate of incidence and case fatality compared with females after SARS‐CoV infection.<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0123" target="_blank">123</a>, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0124" target="_blank">124</a> During the MERS outbreak, the disease occurrence rate in men was almost twice as much as in women and the case fatality rate was the same as the occurrence rate among men and women.<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0125" target="_blank">125</a> In addition, Channappanavar et al had reported that male mice were more susceptible to SARS‐CoV infection compared with age‐matched female mice. However, the mortality was increased in female mice when the ovariectomy was done or the estrogen receptor antagonist was given.<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0126" target="_blank">126</a> Wei et al<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0127" target="_blank">127</a> also found that serum levels of prolactin, follicle‐stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone of SARS patients were significantly higher than those of control groups, while estradiol (E2), pregnancy hormone, and thyroid‐stimulating hormone were considerably lower than those of normal controls. Interestingly, estrogenic compounds had been found to reduce influenza A virus replication in primary human nasal epithelial cells derived from female, but not male, donors.<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0128" target="_blank">128</a> In addition, resveratrol, a phytoestrogen from grape seeds and red wine, had been reported to be a potent anti‐MERS agent in vitro.<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0129" target="_blank">129</a> Therefore, 17β‐Estradiol or phytoestrogen could also be an alternative option to be considered for the treatment of COVID‐19.</p><p></p><p>Source: </p><p><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 18px"><strong>Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review</strong></span></a></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>[URL unfurl="true"]https://www.vox.com/2020/4/9/21215063/coronavirus-covid-19-deaths-men-women-sex-dying-why[/URL]</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Nelson Vergel, post: 176385, member: 3"] [B]Does Estrogen Help Fight Coronavirus COVID-19[/B] Females, generally, mount more robust immune responses to viral challenges than males, which can result in more efficient virus clearance.[URL='https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0122']122[/URL] Epidemiological studies showed that males experiencing a higher rate of incidence and case fatality compared with females after SARS‐CoV infection.[URL='https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0123']123[/URL], [URL='https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0124']124[/URL] During the MERS outbreak, the disease occurrence rate in men was almost twice as much as in women and the case fatality rate was the same as the occurrence rate among men and women.[URL='https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0125']125[/URL] In addition, Channappanavar et al had reported that male mice were more susceptible to SARS‐CoV infection compared with age‐matched female mice. However, the mortality was increased in female mice when the ovariectomy was done or the estrogen receptor antagonist was given.[URL='https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0126']126[/URL] Wei et al[URL='https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0127']127[/URL] also found that serum levels of prolactin, follicle‐stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone of SARS patients were significantly higher than those of control groups, while estradiol (E2), pregnancy hormone, and thyroid‐stimulating hormone were considerably lower than those of normal controls. Interestingly, estrogenic compounds had been found to reduce influenza A virus replication in primary human nasal epithelial cells derived from female, but not male, donors.[URL='https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0128']128[/URL] In addition, resveratrol, a phytoestrogen from grape seeds and red wine, had been reported to be a potent anti‐MERS agent in vitro.[URL='https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707#jmv25707-bib-0129']129[/URL] Therefore, 17β‐Estradiol or phytoestrogen could also be an alternative option to be considered for the treatment of COVID‐19. Source: [URL='https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.25707'][SIZE=18px][B]Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review[/B][/SIZE][/URL] [URL unfurl="true"]https://www.vox.com/2020/4/9/21215063/coronavirus-covid-19-deaths-men-women-sex-dying-why[/URL] [/QUOTE]
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Why the Coronavirus Seems to Hit Men Harder Than Women...Estrogen Levels?
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