Vitamin B2 Supplementation Decreases PSA

[Nelson Vergel]

BMC Public Health
2024 May 3;24(1):1224.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18582-y.

Association between vitamin B2 intake and prostate-specific antigen in American men: 2003–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey​

Abstract​

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests a pivotal role of vitamin B2 in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Vitamin B2 intake has been postulated to modulate the screening rate for PCa by altering the concentration of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, the relationship between vitamin B2 and PSA remains indeterminate. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the association between vitamin B2 intake and PSA levels, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.
Methods: From a pool of 20,371 participants in the NHANES survey conducted between 2003 and 2010, a cohort of 2,323 participants was selected for the present study. The male participants were classified into four distinct groups based on their levels of vitamin B2 intake. We employed a multiple linear regression model and a non-parametric regression method to investigate the relationship between vitamin B2 and PSA levels.
Results: The study cohort comprised of 2,323 participants with a mean age of 54.95 years (± 11.73). Our findings revealed a statistically significant inverse correlation between vitamin B2 intake (mg) and PSA levels, with a reduction of 0.13 ng/ml PSA concentration for every unit increase in vitamin B2 intake. Furthermore, we employed a fully adjusted model to construct a smooth curve to explore the possible linear relationship between vitamin B2 intake and PSA concentration.
Conclusions: Our study in American men has unveiled a notable inverse association between vitamin B2 intake and PSA levels, potentially posing a challenge for the identification of asymptomatic prostate cancer. Specifically, our findings suggest that individuals with higher vitamin B2 intake may be at a greater risk of being diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer in the future, possibly indicating a detection bias. These results may offer a novel explanation for the observed positive correlation between vitamin B2 intake and prostate cancer.
Keywords: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); Prostate cancer; Prostate-specific antigen; Vitamin B2.


Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is a crucial water-soluble vitamin that plays significant roles in various bodily functions. Here are the primary roles and benefits of vitamin B2:

Energy Production​

Riboflavin is integral to the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, converting them into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the body. This process is essential for maintaining the body's energy supply123.

Cellular Function and Growth​

Vitamin B2 is vital for cellular function, growth, and development. It helps in the maintenance of mucous membranes in the digestive system and supports healthy liver function123.

Antioxidant Activity​

Riboflavin acts as an antioxidant, combating free radicals in the body, which are harmful particles that can damage cells and DNA. This antioxidant action helps prevent various health conditions, including premature aging and diseases such as heart disease and cancer5.

Vision Health​

Vitamin B2 is essential for maintaining good vision. It helps prevent cataracts and may aid in the treatment of keratoconus and other eye-related conditions124.

Skin and Hair Health​

Riboflavin contributes to the maintenance of healthy skin and hair. It helps to prevent dermatitis and might play a role in the treatment of acne and other skin conditions23.

Nervous System Support​

This vitamin is crucial for the proper functioning of the nervous system. It aids in the development and function of the brain and other nerve tissues12.

Conversion of Other Vitamins​

Riboflavin is necessary for the conversion of other vitamins, including vitamin B6 and niacin, into forms that the body can use. This is crucial for the effectiveness of these vitamins in performing their roles in the body1213.

Migraine Prevention​

Studies have shown that riboflavin can significantly reduce the frequency of migraine attacks. It is believed to improve mitochondrial function, which might help prevent migraines49.

Reproductive Health​

For pregnant women, adequate intake of riboflavin is crucial as it is believed to reduce the risk of developmental defects and conditions like preeclampsia during pregnancy2.

Iron Absorption and Activation​

Riboflavin is involved in the absorption and activation of iron, folic acid, and vitamins B1, B3, and B6, which are essential for various bodily functions including the production of red blood cells and prevention of anemia1.

Sources of Vitamin B2​

Riboflavin is found in various foods including milk, eggs, nuts, meats, green vegetables, and enriched cereals. Since it is water-soluble and sensitive to light, it can be lost during cooking and storage, hence the importance of proper food handling1237.In summary, vitamin B2 is a multifunctional nutrient that supports energy production, cellular function, antioxidant defense, and the health of various systems within the body, including the nervous and visual systems. Regular intake of riboflavin-rich foods is essential to reap these health benefits and prevent deficiency symptoms.

 

[Vince]

Vitamin B2, also called riboflavin, is one of 8 B vitamins. All B vitamins help the body to convert food (carbohydrates) into fuel (glucose), which is used to produce energy. These B vitamins, often referred to as B-complex vitamins, also help the body metabolize fats and protein.

Mount Sinai Health System - New York City | Mount Sinai - New York › vita...

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Information | Mount Sinai - New York​

 

[Vince]

Office of Dietary Supplements - Riboflavin

Riboflavin (Vit B2) overview for health professionals. Research health effects, dosing, sources, deficiency, side effects, and interactions here.

ods.od.nih.gov