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Viral pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and male reproductive health
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 194348" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong>Figure2. The immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor to gain entry into the cell (airway epithelial cells), leading to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of cytokine storms, which lead to infection and augment COVID-19 severity. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 infection includes abnormalities of granulocytes and monocytes, lymphopenia, lymphocyte activation and dysfunction, enhanced production of cytokines, and increased antibodies [38]. SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, IL: interleukin, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IFN-γ: interferon-gamma, MIP-1α: macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, MCP1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IP10: interferon gamma-induced protein 10, NKG2A: killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C member 1, PD1: programmed cell death protein 1, TIM3: T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3, CD: a cluster of differentiation, OX40: secondary costimulatory immune checkpoint molecule, 4–1BB: a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily T-cell costimulatory receptor, NK: natural killer</strong></p><p>[ATTACH=full]12530[/ATTACH]</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 194348, member: 13851"] [B]Figure2.[I] [/I]The immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor to gain entry into the cell (airway epithelial cells), leading to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of cytokine storms, which lead to infection and augment COVID-19 severity. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 infection includes abnormalities of granulocytes and monocytes, lymphopenia, lymphocyte activation and dysfunction, enhanced production of cytokines, and increased antibodies [38]. SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, IL: interleukin, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IFN-γ: interferon-gamma, MIP-1α: macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, MCP1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IP10: interferon gamma-induced protein 10, NKG2A: killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C member 1, PD1: programmed cell death protein 1, TIM3: T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3, CD: a cluster of differentiation, OX40: secondary costimulatory immune checkpoint molecule, 4–1BB: a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily T-cell costimulatory receptor, NK: natural killer[/B] [ATTACH type="full" alt="Screenshot (3250).png"]12530[/ATTACH] [/QUOTE]
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Viral pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and male reproductive health
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