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General Health & Fitness
Health & Wellness
UDCA, NorUDCA, and TUDCA in Liver Diseases: A Review of Their Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 153644" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">Fig.3</span></strong> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>The biliary HCO3 umbrella hypothesis and the hepatoprotective actions of TUDCA, UDCA, and NorUDCA.</strong></span><strong> <span style="color: rgb(26, 188, 156)">Hydrophobic bile acids are toxic to cholangiocytes, inducing senescence, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and cell death. These effects are counteracted by bicarbonate secretion via the Cl/HCO3anion exchanger 2 [AE2] in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes and likely also by transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A) in cholangiocytes. </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(44, 130, 201)"><strong>UDCA, TUDCA, and NorUDCA have been observed to have protective effects in the liver by preventing bicarbonate depletion on the apical side of cholangiocytes, thus exercising cytoprotective effects.</strong></span> <span style="color: rgb(147, 101, 184)"><strong>Particularly, NorUDCA, due to its resistance to amidation, can undergo cholehepatic shunting and potently promote bicarbonate secretion into the bile duct. </strong></span><strong><span style="color: rgb(251, 160, 38)">Although most of the UDCA is secreted as a glycine conjugate in humans, taurine conjugation predominates in rodents. </span><span style="color: rgb(243, 121, 52)">Secretion of TUDCA is mediated by the canalicular bile salt export pump (BSEP).</span></strong></p><p></p><p>[ATTACH=full]7860[/ATTACH]</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 153644, member: 13851"] [B][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]Fig.3[/COLOR][/B] [COLOR=rgb(0, 0, 0)][B]The biliary HCO3 umbrella hypothesis and the hepatoprotective actions of TUDCA, UDCA, and NorUDCA.[/B][/COLOR][B] [COLOR=rgb(26, 188, 156)]Hydrophobic bile acids are toxic to cholangiocytes, inducing senescence, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and cell death. These effects are counteracted by bicarbonate secretion via the Cl/HCO3anion exchanger 2 [AE2] in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes and likely also by transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A) in cholangiocytes. [/COLOR][/B][COLOR=rgb(44, 130, 201)][B]UDCA, TUDCA, and NorUDCA have been observed to have protective effects in the liver by preventing bicarbonate depletion on the apical side of cholangiocytes, thus exercising cytoprotective effects.[/B][/COLOR] [COLOR=rgb(147, 101, 184)][B]Particularly, NorUDCA, due to its resistance to amidation, can undergo cholehepatic shunting and potently promote bicarbonate secretion into the bile duct. [/B][/COLOR][B][COLOR=rgb(251, 160, 38)]Although most of the UDCA is secreted as a glycine conjugate in humans, taurine conjugation predominates in rodents. [/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(243, 121, 52)]Secretion of TUDCA is mediated by the canalicular bile salt export pump (BSEP).[/COLOR][/B] [ATTACH=full]7860[/ATTACH] [/QUOTE]
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General Health & Fitness
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UDCA, NorUDCA, and TUDCA in Liver Diseases: A Review of Their Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications
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