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To cut to the quick: Only when I completely eliminated all exogenous oral supplementation of both choline and carnitine and started using injectable forms of both in the last 45 days did my TMAO levels finally normalize. Even cutting back on oral form did little to change my levels. Not only that, but my serum levels of carnitine have finally improved with injectable, proving that oral supplementation is vastly inferior (only 10-20% gets absorbed). No other changes to diet, etc. My main sources of protein (eggs, fish, poultry, red meat) are all high in choline and carnitine), but the choline and carnitine found naturally in foods don't seem to increase TMAO - at least in my case.

This confirms the interaction with the gut microbiota that is a known risk factor with oral supplementation of both choline and carnitine, both known to cause increased levels of TMAO.

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<blockquote data-quote="mcs" data-source="post: 277476" data-attributes="member: 12">To cut to the quick: Only when I completely eliminated all exogenous oral supplementation of both choline and carnitine and started using injectable forms of both in the last 45 days did my TMAO levels finally normalize. Even cutting back on oral form did little to change my levels. Not only that, but my serum levels of carnitine have finally improved with injectable, proving that oral supplementation is vastly inferior (only 10-20% gets absorbed). No other changes to diet, etc. My main sources of protein (eggs, fish, poultry, red meat) are all high in choline and carnitine), but the choline and carnitine found naturally in foods don&#039;t seem to increase TMAO - at least in my case.This confirms the interaction with the gut microbiota that is a known risk factor with oral supplementation of both choline and&nbsp; carnitine, both known to cause increased levels of TMAO.[ATTACH=full]42306[/ATTACH]</blockquote>

[QUOTE="mcs, post: 277476, member: 12"] To cut to the quick: Only when I completely eliminated all exogenous oral supplementation of both choline and carnitine and started using injectable forms of both in the last 45 days did my TMAO levels finally normalize. Even cutting back on oral form did little to change my levels. Not only that, but my serum levels of carnitine have finally improved with injectable, proving that oral supplementation is vastly inferior (only 10-20% gets absorbed). No other changes to diet, etc. My main sources of protein (eggs, fish, poultry, red meat) are all high in choline and carnitine), but the choline and carnitine found naturally in foods don't seem to increase TMAO - at least in my case. This confirms the interaction with the gut microbiota that is a known risk factor with oral supplementation of both choline and carnitine, both known to cause increased levels of TMAO. [ATTACH type="full" alt="1710524939223.png"]42306[/ATTACH] [/QUOTE]

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TRT Hormone Predictor Widget

Understanding Your Hormones

Estradiol (E2)

A form of estrogen produced from testosterone. Important for bone health, mood, and libido. Too high can cause side effects; too low can affect well-being.

DHT

Dihydrotestosterone is a potent androgen derived from testosterone. Affects hair growth, prostate health, and masculinization effects.

Free Testosterone

The biologically active form of testosterone not bound to proteins. Directly available for cellular uptake and biological effects.

Scientific Reference

Lakshman KM, Kaplan B, Travison TG, Basaria S, Knapp PE, Singh AB, LaValley MP, Mazer NA, Bhasin S. The effects of injected testosterone dose and age on the conversion of testosterone to estradiol and dihydrotestosterone in young and older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Aug;95(8):3955-64.

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0102 | PMID: 20534765 | PMCID: PMC2913038