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ExcelFemale
HRT in Women
The Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy Through Menopause and Beyond
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<blockquote data-quote="Nelson Vergel" data-source="post: 197910" data-attributes="member: 3"><p>"</p><p>INTRODUCTION</p><p>The climacteric or perimenopausal period normally begins as early as 40 years of age with commencement of the regression of ovarian function. Depletion of primordial ovarian follicles results in diminution of estradiol levels leading to intermittent menstrual irregularities, vasomotor symptoms, and genital atrophy. As a result of the decrease in estradiol negative feedback and diminished levels of inhibin, there is increased secretion of folliclestimulating hormone (FSH). The elevated FSH levels accelerate follicular maturation and trigger early ovulation. Mean follicular phase and menstrual cycle length may be reduced before the menopause. At first, the luteal phase is of normal duration, but luteal dysfunction eventually may occur because of a fall in progesterone levels. Many anovulatory cycles may occur as well.4,5</p><p></p><p>The postmenopausal ovary secretes androgens but virtually no estrogen.6,7 Although the ovary may still contain some oocytes, the follicles are largely incapable of responding to gonadotropins and of synthesizing estradiol. Removal of postmenopausal ovaries often fails to change the levels of total circulating estrogen.7 The estrogen produced after the menopause is primarily from the peripheral conversion of adrenal androgens and occurs in the liver, kidney, brain, adrenal, and peripheral adipose tissue.8 Only small quantities of estrone and estradiol are secreted by the ovary.6,7,9,10 Mean serum levels of estrone after the menopause approximate 35 pg/ml.7,11,12,13 Almost all the estradiol that is produced comes from the peripheral conversion of estrone,14 causing the mean estradiol level to fall from 120 to 18 pg/ml (Table 1).15"</p><p></p><p>[URL unfurl="true"]https://www.glowm.com/section-view/heading/the-menopause/item/79#[/URL]</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Nelson Vergel, post: 197910, member: 3"] " INTRODUCTION The climacteric or perimenopausal period normally begins as early as 40 years of age with commencement of the regression of ovarian function. Depletion of primordial ovarian follicles results in diminution of estradiol levels leading to intermittent menstrual irregularities, vasomotor symptoms, and genital atrophy. As a result of the decrease in estradiol negative feedback and diminished levels of inhibin, there is increased secretion of folliclestimulating hormone (FSH). The elevated FSH levels accelerate follicular maturation and trigger early ovulation. Mean follicular phase and menstrual cycle length may be reduced before the menopause. At first, the luteal phase is of normal duration, but luteal dysfunction eventually may occur because of a fall in progesterone levels. Many anovulatory cycles may occur as well.4,5 The postmenopausal ovary secretes androgens but virtually no estrogen.6,7 Although the ovary may still contain some oocytes, the follicles are largely incapable of responding to gonadotropins and of synthesizing estradiol. Removal of postmenopausal ovaries often fails to change the levels of total circulating estrogen.7 The estrogen produced after the menopause is primarily from the peripheral conversion of adrenal androgens and occurs in the liver, kidney, brain, adrenal, and peripheral adipose tissue.8 Only small quantities of estrone and estradiol are secreted by the ovary.6,7,9,10 Mean serum levels of estrone after the menopause approximate 35 pg/ml.7,11,12,13 Almost all the estradiol that is produced comes from the peripheral conversion of estrone,14 causing the mean estradiol level to fall from 120 to 18 pg/ml (Table 1).15" [URL unfurl="true"]https://www.glowm.com/section-view/heading/the-menopause/item/79#[/URL] [/QUOTE]
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ExcelFemale
HRT in Women
The Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy Through Menopause and Beyond
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