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The Latest Treatments for Cancer Cachexia
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 245071" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong>Figure 3. The chemical structure of anamorelin hydrochloride.</strong></p><p><strong>[ATTACH=full]28854[/ATTACH]</strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong><em><strong>Anamorelin hydrochloride is an orally administered low molecular weight drug that exhibits <u>ghrelin-like action via growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a)</u>, which is a G-protein coupled receptor that is distributed in many tissues including the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, stomach, pancreas, and myocardium (Figure 3) (71-75).</strong> In transgenic rats overexpressing the antisense GHS receptor gene and with attenuated expression of the GHS receptor in the arcuate nucleus, GHS-R1a secretes growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. This mechanism is involved in increasing appetite (76)</em></strong></p><p><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em><strong>Ghrelin is a <u>peptide hormone identified as an endogenous agonist of GHS-R1a</u>. In addition to promoting GH secretion and appetite, ghrelin also promotes weight gain, fat production, glucose metabolism suppression, gastrointestinal motility regulation, and cytokine production.</strong> Ghrelin is thought to play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of in vivo energy metabolism by antagonizing leptin-like signals that suppress appetite (72, 77-81). <strong>However, the elimination half-life of ghrelin in human plasma is as short as 10 minutes</strong>, and the route of administration is limited to intravenous or subcutaneous routes (82)</em></strong></p><p><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em><strong>In contrast, anamorelin hydrochloride is a ghrelin-like agent that has an elimination half-life of approximately nine hours and can be administered orally. <u>Anamorelin hydrochloride promotes GH secretion in the pituitary gland and increases appetite in the hypothalamus</u>.<u> GH secreted from the pituitary gland secretes insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-1) from the liver and promotes muscle protein synthesis thus leading to an increase in muscle mass and weight in humans</u> (Figure 4) (83)</strong></em></strong></p><p><strong><em><strong></strong></em></strong></p><p><strong><em><strong>*Anamorelin hydrochloride was introduced in Japan in January 2021 after undergoing three domestic and international trials (ONO-7643-04, ONO-7643-05, HT-ANAM-301/302) (84- 87). After its introduction, manufacturing and marketing approval for cancer cachexia was obtained from regulatory bodies. <u>Anamorelin hydrochloride is the only approved therapeutic agent that can renew appetite via oral administration</u></strong></em></strong></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 245071, member: 13851"] [B]Figure 3. The chemical structure of anamorelin hydrochloride. [ATTACH type="full" alt="Screenshot (20288).png"]28854[/ATTACH] [I][B]Anamorelin hydrochloride is an orally administered low molecular weight drug that exhibits [U]ghrelin-like action via growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a)[/U], which is a G-protein coupled receptor that is distributed in many tissues including the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, stomach, pancreas, and myocardium (Figure 3) (71-75).[/B] In transgenic rats overexpressing the antisense GHS receptor gene and with attenuated expression of the GHS receptor in the arcuate nucleus, GHS-R1a secretes growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. This mechanism is involved in increasing appetite (76) [B]Ghrelin is a [U]peptide hormone identified as an endogenous agonist of GHS-R1a[/U]. In addition to promoting GH secretion and appetite, ghrelin also promotes weight gain, fat production, glucose metabolism suppression, gastrointestinal motility regulation, and cytokine production.[/B] Ghrelin is thought to play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of in vivo energy metabolism by antagonizing leptin-like signals that suppress appetite (72, 77-81). [B]However, the elimination half-life of ghrelin in human plasma is as short as 10 minutes[/B], and the route of administration is limited to intravenous or subcutaneous routes (82) [B]In contrast, anamorelin hydrochloride is a ghrelin-like agent that has an elimination half-life of approximately nine hours and can be administered orally. [U]Anamorelin hydrochloride promotes GH secretion in the pituitary gland and increases appetite in the hypothalamus[/U].[U] GH secreted from the pituitary gland secretes insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-1) from the liver and promotes muscle protein synthesis thus leading to an increase in muscle mass and weight in humans[/U] (Figure 4) (83) *Anamorelin hydrochloride was introduced in Japan in January 2021 after undergoing three domestic and international trials (ONO-7643-04, ONO-7643-05, HT-ANAM-301/302) (84- 87). After its introduction, manufacturing and marketing approval for cancer cachexia was obtained from regulatory bodies. [U]Anamorelin hydrochloride is the only approved therapeutic agent that can renew appetite via oral administration[/U][/B][/I][/B] [/QUOTE]
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The Latest Treatments for Cancer Cachexia
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