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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone and Men's Health Articles
Testosterone to estradiol ratio reflects systemic and plaque inflammation
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<blockquote data-quote="Nelson Vergel" data-source="post: 116237" data-attributes="member: 3"><p><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><a href="https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cvr/cvy188/5056751" target="_blank">Testosterone to oestradiol ratio reflects systemic and plaque inflammation and predicts future cardiovascular events in men with severe atherosclerosis</a></span></p><p></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><strong>Testosterone to estradiol ratio reflects systemic and plaque inflammation and predicts future cardiovascular events in men with severe atherosclerosis</strong></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px">Aims</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'">The effects of testosterone on cardiovascular disease (CVD) as reported in literature have been ambiguous. Recently, the interplay between testosterone and estradiol as assessed by testosterone/estradiol (T/E2) ratio was suggested to be better informative on the normal physiological balance. Considering the role in CVD, we hypothesized that a low T/E2 ratio in men with CVD is associated with increased inflammation, a more unstable plaque and a worse cardiovascular outcome.</span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><strong>Methods and results</strong></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'">Testosterone and estradiol concentrations were determined in blood samples of 611 male carotid endarterectomy patients included in the Athero-Express Biobank Study. T/E2 ratio was associated with baseline characteristics, atherosclerotic plaque specimens, inflammatory biomarkers and three-year follow-up information. Patients with low T/E2 ratio had more unfavorable inflammatory profiles compared to patients with high T/E2 as observed by higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (2.81 g/mL vs. 1.22 g/mL (p < 0.001)) and higher leukocyte counts (8.98*10*9/L vs. 7.75*10*9/L (p = 0.001)) in blood. In atherosclerotic plaques, a negative association between T/E2 ratio and number of neutrophils (B=-0.366(p = 0.012), plaque calcifications (OR: 0.816(p = 0.044)), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (B=-0.15 p = 0.009) and Il-6receptor (B=-0.13 p = 0.024) was found. Furthermore, in multivariate Cox regression analysis, low T/E2 ratio was independently associated with an increased risk for major cardiovascular events (MACE) during three-year follow-up (HR 1.67(95%CI: 1.02-2.76) p = 0.043). In men with elevated body mass index, these effects were strongest.</span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><strong>Conclusions</strong></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 15px">In male patients with manifest atherosclerotic disease, low T/E2 ratio was associated with increased systemic inflammation, increased inflammatory plaque proteins and an increased risk of future major cardiovascular events as compared to men with normal T/E2 ratio. These effects are strongest in men with elevated body mass index and are expected to be affected by aromatase activity in white fat tissues. Normalization of T/E2 ratio may be considered as target for the secondary prevention of CVD in men.</span></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Nelson Vergel, post: 116237, member: 3"] [FONT=Arial][URL="https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cvr/cvy188/5056751"]Testosterone to oestradiol ratio reflects systemic and plaque inflammation and predicts future cardiovascular events in men with severe atherosclerosis[/URL][/FONT] [FONT=Arial][B]Testosterone to estradiol ratio reflects systemic and plaque inflammation and predicts future cardiovascular events in men with severe atherosclerosis[/B][/FONT] [FONT=Arial][B][SIZE=15px]Aims[/SIZE][/B][/FONT] [SIZE=15px][FONT=Arial]The effects of testosterone on cardiovascular disease (CVD) as reported in literature have been ambiguous. Recently, the interplay between testosterone and estradiol as assessed by testosterone/estradiol (T/E2) ratio was suggested to be better informative on the normal physiological balance. Considering the role in CVD, we hypothesized that a low T/E2 ratio in men with CVD is associated with increased inflammation, a more unstable plaque and a worse cardiovascular outcome.[/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=15px][FONT=Arial][B]Methods and results[/B] Testosterone and estradiol concentrations were determined in blood samples of 611 male carotid endarterectomy patients included in the Athero-Express Biobank Study. T/E2 ratio was associated with baseline characteristics, atherosclerotic plaque specimens, inflammatory biomarkers and three-year follow-up information. Patients with low T/E2 ratio had more unfavorable inflammatory profiles compared to patients with high T/E2 as observed by higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (2.81 g/mL vs. 1.22 g/mL (p < 0.001)) and higher leukocyte counts (8.98*10*9/L vs. 7.75*10*9/L (p = 0.001)) in blood. In atherosclerotic plaques, a negative association between T/E2 ratio and number of neutrophils (B=-0.366(p = 0.012), plaque calcifications (OR: 0.816(p = 0.044)), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (B=-0.15 p = 0.009) and Il-6receptor (B=-0.13 p = 0.024) was found. Furthermore, in multivariate Cox regression analysis, low T/E2 ratio was independently associated with an increased risk for major cardiovascular events (MACE) during three-year follow-up (HR 1.67(95%CI: 1.02-2.76) p = 0.043). In men with elevated body mass index, these effects were strongest.[/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=15px][FONT=Arial][B]Conclusions[/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [FONT=Arial][SIZE=15px]In male patients with manifest atherosclerotic disease, low T/E2 ratio was associated with increased systemic inflammation, increased inflammatory plaque proteins and an increased risk of future major cardiovascular events as compared to men with normal T/E2 ratio. These effects are strongest in men with elevated body mass index and are expected to be affected by aromatase activity in white fat tissues. Normalization of T/E2 ratio may be considered as target for the secondary prevention of CVD in men.[/SIZE][/FONT] [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone and Men's Health Articles
Testosterone to estradiol ratio reflects systemic and plaque inflammation
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