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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone Basics & Questions
Testosterone Level: How Low is Too Low? Health Consequences of Low Testosterone
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<blockquote data-quote="Nelson Vergel" data-source="post: 258000" data-attributes="member: 3"><p>Hypogonadism, specifically central hypogonadism, may contribute to arterial plaque hardening through several mechanisms:</p><p></p><ol> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Endothelial dysfunction: Hypogonadism can impair endothelial function, which is responsible for maintaining the health and flexibility of blood vessels. Endothelial dysfunction leads to reduced nitric oxide production, increased oxidative stress, and inflammation, all of which contribute to the development and progression of arterial plaque [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348115/" target="_blank">1</a>].</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Dyslipidemia: Low testosterone levels associated with hypogonadism can lead to unfavorable changes in lipid profiles, including increased levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. These lipid abnormalities promote the formation of plaque within arterial walls [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5042826/" target="_blank">2</a>].</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Inflammation: Hypogonadism has been linked to increased levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348115/" target="_blank">2</a>].</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Accelerated atherogenesis: Testosterone deficiency in hypogonadism may accelerate the process of atherogenesis, the formation of plaques within arteries. This can occur through various mechanisms, including increased lipid deposition, enhanced foam cell formation, and augmented smooth muscle cell proliferation within arterial walls [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34360982/" target="_blank">3</a>].</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Increased vascular calcification: Hypogonadism has been associated with an increased risk of vascular calcification, a process in which calcium and other minerals accumulate in the arterial walls, leading to plaque hardening. Vascular calcification contributes to plaque stability and the narrowing of arteries [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2807740/" target="_blank">5</a>].</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Arterial stiffness: Testosterone deficiency may contribute to arterial stiffness, a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Arterial stiffness increases the risk of plaque rupture and cardiovascular events. Hypogonadism-induced arterial stiffness can result from impaired endothelial function, increased collagen deposition, and altered extracellular matrix composition in arterial walls [<a href="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.ATV.0000160548.78317.29" target="_blank">6</a>].</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Impaired plaque stabilization: Testosterone plays a role in maintaining plaque stability. Hypogonadism-related testosterone deficiency can disrupt the balance between collagen synthesis and degradation within plaques, leading to decreased fibrous cap thickness and increased vulnerability to plaque rupture [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5042826/" target="_blank">4</a>].</li> </ol><p>It's important to note that the relationship between hypogonadism and arterial plaque hardening is complex and influenced by various factors. The precise mechanisms underlying this association may require further research to be fully understood.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Nelson Vergel, post: 258000, member: 3"] Hypogonadism, specifically central hypogonadism, may contribute to arterial plaque hardening through several mechanisms: [LIST=1] [*]Endothelial dysfunction: Hypogonadism can impair endothelial function, which is responsible for maintaining the health and flexibility of blood vessels. Endothelial dysfunction leads to reduced nitric oxide production, increased oxidative stress, and inflammation, all of which contribute to the development and progression of arterial plaque [[URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348115/']1[/URL]]. [*]Dyslipidemia: Low testosterone levels associated with hypogonadism can lead to unfavorable changes in lipid profiles, including increased levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. These lipid abnormalities promote the formation of plaque within arterial walls [[URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5042826/']2[/URL]]. [*]Inflammation: Hypogonadism has been linked to increased levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis [[URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348115/']2[/URL]]. [*]Accelerated atherogenesis: Testosterone deficiency in hypogonadism may accelerate the process of atherogenesis, the formation of plaques within arteries. This can occur through various mechanisms, including increased lipid deposition, enhanced foam cell formation, and augmented smooth muscle cell proliferation within arterial walls [[URL='https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34360982/']3[/URL]]. [*]Increased vascular calcification: Hypogonadism has been associated with an increased risk of vascular calcification, a process in which calcium and other minerals accumulate in the arterial walls, leading to plaque hardening. Vascular calcification contributes to plaque stability and the narrowing of arteries [[URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2807740/']5[/URL]]. [*]Arterial stiffness: Testosterone deficiency may contribute to arterial stiffness, a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Arterial stiffness increases the risk of plaque rupture and cardiovascular events. Hypogonadism-induced arterial stiffness can result from impaired endothelial function, increased collagen deposition, and altered extracellular matrix composition in arterial walls [[URL='https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.ATV.0000160548.78317.29']6[/URL]]. [*]Impaired plaque stabilization: Testosterone plays a role in maintaining plaque stability. Hypogonadism-related testosterone deficiency can disrupt the balance between collagen synthesis and degradation within plaques, leading to decreased fibrous cap thickness and increased vulnerability to plaque rupture [[URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5042826/']4[/URL]]. [/LIST] It's important to note that the relationship between hypogonadism and arterial plaque hardening is complex and influenced by various factors. The precise mechanisms underlying this association may require further research to be fully understood. [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone Basics & Questions
Testosterone Level: How Low is Too Low? Health Consequences of Low Testosterone
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