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"Testosterone may worsen breathing by neuromuscular mechanisms. Testosterone treatment increases upper airway collapsibility (53), ventilation (54), and hypoxic (54) and hypercapnic ventilatory responses (55), leading to a reduced apneic threshold. These effects on breathing may occur particularly during NREM sleep (55), which is consistent with our findings. "


Short-Term Effects of High-Dose Testosterone on Sleep, Breathing, and Function in Older Men


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