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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone and Men's Health Articles
Sex Hormone Synthesis, Regulation, and Function
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<blockquote data-quote="Nelson Vergel" data-source="post: 144177" data-attributes="member: 3"><p><strong>The hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis</strong></p><p></p><p>Sex hormone synthesis is controlled by the pulsatile release of hypothalamic <strong>gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)</strong></p><p>At the pituitary gland, GnRH stimulates the release of <strong>luteinizing hormone (LH)</strong> and <strong>follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</strong> into the general circulation</p><p>LH then binds to its target cells (<em>Leydig cells</em> in males and <em>theca cells</em> in females) and increases the expression of <strong>steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)</strong></p><p>StAR promotes the transfer of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane and initiates steroidogenesis.</p><p>This is the rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis in all tissues.</p><p>At the inner mitochondrial membrane, cholesterol is converted to <em>pregnenolone</em> by the action of P450scc.</p><p></p><p><strong>Androgen synthesis in males</strong></p><p></p><p><strong>Androgens</strong> are steroid hormones that control the expression and maintenance of male sexual characteristics</p><p>Adrenal androgens <strong>DHEA </strong>and <strong>androstenedione</strong> are produced in the zona reticulata and zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex.</p><p><strong>Testosterone </strong>is produced <strong>Leydig cells</strong>, which are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules of the testes</p><p>In Leydig cells, LH initiates the production of pregnenolone</p><p>Pregnenolone is then converted to DHEA in a two-step process mediated by 17,20-lyase (17α-hydroxylase)</p><p>Because Leydig cells express high levels of 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD, DHEA is rapidly converted to testosterone via the intermediates androstenediol and androstenedione</p><p>Testosterone is converted to <strong>dihydrotestosterone (DHT)</strong> by the action of 5α-reductase in target tissues; although it is about one-tenth as abundant as testosterone, it accounts for most of testosterone’s biological action</p><p></p><p><img src="https://www.excelmale.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=2102&d=1463527972" class="bbImage" alt="" data-url="https://www.excelmale.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=2102&d=1463527972" style="" /></p><p></p><p><a href="http://www.pathophys.org/sexhormones/" target="_blank">Sex hormone synthesis, regulation, and function | McMaster Pathophysiology Review</a></p><p></p><p><span style="color: #ffffff"><span style="font-size: 11px"><strong><p style="text-align: center">SaveSave</p><p></strong></span></span></p><p>The post <a href="https://www.testosteronewisdom.com/2852/sex-hormone-synthesis-regulation-and-function/" target="_blank">Sex Hormone Synthesis, Regulation, and Function</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.testosteronewisdom.com" target="_blank">Testosterone Wisdom</a>.</p><p></p><p><a href="https://www.testosteronewisdom.com/2852/sex-hormone-synthesis-regulation-and-function/" target="_blank">Continue reading...</a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Nelson Vergel, post: 144177, member: 3"] [B]The hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis[/B] Sex hormone synthesis is controlled by the pulsatile release of hypothalamic [B]gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)[/B] At the pituitary gland, GnRH stimulates the release of [B]luteinizing hormone (LH)[/B] and [B]follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)[/B] into the general circulation LH then binds to its target cells ([I]Leydig cells[/I] in males and [I]theca cells[/I] in females) and increases the expression of [B]steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)[/B] StAR promotes the transfer of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane and initiates steroidogenesis. This is the rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis in all tissues. At the inner mitochondrial membrane, cholesterol is converted to [I]pregnenolone[/I] by the action of P450scc. [B]Androgen synthesis in males[/B] [B]Androgens[/B] are steroid hormones that control the expression and maintenance of male sexual characteristics Adrenal androgens [B]DHEA [/B]and [B]androstenedione[/B] are produced in the zona reticulata and zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. [B]Testosterone [/B]is produced [B]Leydig cells[/B], which are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules of the testes In Leydig cells, LH initiates the production of pregnenolone Pregnenolone is then converted to DHEA in a two-step process mediated by 17,20-lyase (17α-hydroxylase) Because Leydig cells express high levels of 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD, DHEA is rapidly converted to testosterone via the intermediates androstenediol and androstenedione Testosterone is converted to [B]dihydrotestosterone (DHT)[/B] by the action of 5α-reductase in target tissues; although it is about one-tenth as abundant as testosterone, it accounts for most of testosterone’s biological action [IMG]https://www.excelmale.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=2102&d=1463527972[/IMG] [URL="http://www.pathophys.org/sexhormones/"]Sex hormone synthesis, regulation, and function | McMaster Pathophysiology Review[/URL] [COLOR=#ffffff][FONT=Helvetica Neue][SIZE=11px][B][CENTER]SaveSave[/CENTER][/B][/SIZE][/FONT][/COLOR] The post [URL='https://www.testosteronewisdom.com/2852/sex-hormone-synthesis-regulation-and-function/']Sex Hormone Synthesis, Regulation, and Function[/URL] appeared first on [URL='https://www.testosteronewisdom.com']Testosterone Wisdom[/URL]. [url="https://www.testosteronewisdom.com/2852/sex-hormone-synthesis-regulation-and-function/"]Continue reading...[/url] [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
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Sex Hormone Synthesis, Regulation, and Function
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