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General Health & Fitness
Nutrition and Supplements
Role of L-Arginine in Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Health in Humans
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 208052" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong>Fig. 10.1 <u>Sources of L-arginine and its conversion into nitric oxide (NO) in humans</u>. The diet provides L-arginine and/or L-citrulline. Enterocytes of the small intestine synthesize L-citrulline from dietary L-glutamine (Gln), L-glutamate (Glu), and proline, as well as Gln in arterial blood. The small intestine releases L-citrulline, which is utilized by extraintestinal tissues and cells (EIT), such as the kidneys, endothelial cells, and macrophages, for the production of L-arginine via argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) in the presence of L-aspartate (Asp). L-arginine is oxidized by NO synthase (NOS) to form NO and L-citrulline. All isoforms of NOS require tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), NADPH, FAD, FMN, and calmodulin for catalytic activity, and endothelial NOS (eNOS, also known as NOS3) also require Ca2+ for catalytic activity. The NOS-derived L-citrulline is recycled into L-arginine, and this is known as the arginine-citrulline cycle in mammalian cells. NO has a short half-life and is rapidly oxidized to nitrite (NO2 − ) and nitrate (NO3 − ) in the presence of oxygen.</strong></p><p><strong>[ATTACH=full]16425[/ATTACH]</strong></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 208052, member: 13851"] [B]Fig. 10.1 [U]Sources of L-arginine and its conversion into nitric oxide (NO) in humans[/U]. The diet provides L-arginine and/or L-citrulline. Enterocytes of the small intestine synthesize L-citrulline from dietary L-glutamine (Gln), L-glutamate (Glu), and proline, as well as Gln in arterial blood. The small intestine releases L-citrulline, which is utilized by extraintestinal tissues and cells (EIT), such as the kidneys, endothelial cells, and macrophages, for the production of L-arginine via argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) in the presence of L-aspartate (Asp). L-arginine is oxidized by NO synthase (NOS) to form NO and L-citrulline. All isoforms of NOS require tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), NADPH, FAD, FMN, and calmodulin for catalytic activity, and endothelial NOS (eNOS, also known as NOS3) also require Ca2+ for catalytic activity. The NOS-derived L-citrulline is recycled into L-arginine, and this is known as the arginine-citrulline cycle in mammalian cells. NO has a short half-life and is rapidly oxidized to nitrite (NO2 − ) and nitrate (NO3 − ) in the presence of oxygen. [ATTACH type="full"]16425[/ATTACH][/B] [/QUOTE]
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General Health & Fitness
Nutrition and Supplements
Role of L-Arginine in Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Health in Humans
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