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Thyroid, Pregnenolone, Progesterone, DHEA, etc
Thyroid, DHEA, Pregnenolone, Progesterone, etc
Progesterone Dose for Men
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<blockquote data-quote="Gianluca" data-source="post: 221429" data-attributes="member: 15469"><p>[URL unfurl="true"]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#Antiestrogenic_effects[/URL]</p><p></p><p>some interesting quotes from it:</p><p></p><p>"Progesterone also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antihypertensive" target="_blank">lowers blood pressure</a> and reduces <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_retention_(medicine)" target="_blank">water</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_retention" target="_blank">salt retention</a> among other effects via its antimineralocorticoid activity.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid16112947-1" target="_blank">[1]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid11246598-49" target="_blank">[40]</a></p><p></p><p>Progesterone can produce <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedative" target="_blank">sedative</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotic" target="_blank">hypnotic</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiolytic" target="_blank">anxiolytic</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphoric" target="_blank">euphoric</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_impairment" target="_blank">cognitive-</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_impairment" target="_blank">memory-</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_impairment" target="_blank">motor-impairing</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticonvulsant" target="_blank">anticonvulsant</a>, and even <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthetic" target="_blank">anesthetic</a> effects via formation of sufficiently high concentrations of its neurosteroid metabolites and consequent GABAA receptor potentiation in the brain.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid17924777-48" target="_blank">[39]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-Wang-ChengNeuner2007-112" target="_blank">[103]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-BergemannRiecher-R%C3%B6ssler2005-113" target="_blank">[104]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid23978486-114" target="_blank">[105]</a>"</p><p></p><p>"</p><h3>Neurosteroid effects[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone&action=edit&section=13" target="_blank">edit</a>]</h3><p>Progesterone, through the actions of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosteroid" target="_blank">neurosteroid</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_metabolite" target="_blank">active metabolites</a> such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopregnanolone" target="_blank">allopregnanolone</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnanolone" target="_blank">pregnanolone</a>, is a potent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_allosteric_modulator" target="_blank">positive allosteric modulator</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAA_receptor" target="_blank">GABAA receptor</a>, the major signaling receptor of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibitory_postsynaptic_potential" target="_blank">inhibitory</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter" target="_blank">neurotransmitter</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93-aminobutyric_acid" target="_blank">γ-aminobutyric acid</a> (GABA).<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid1347506-15" target="_blank">[15]</a> <strong>It can produce <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedative" target="_blank">sedative</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotic" target="_blank">hypnotic</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiolytic" target="_blank">anxiolytic</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphoric" target="_blank">euphoric</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_impairment" target="_blank">cognitive-</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_impairment" target="_blank">memory-</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_impairment" target="_blank">motor-impairing</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticonvulsant" target="_blank">anticonvulsant</a>, and even <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthetic" target="_blank">anesthetic</a> effects with formation of sufficiently high concentrations of its neurosteroid metabolites and consequent GABAA receptor potentiation in the brain.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid17924777-48" target="_blank">[39]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-Wang-ChengNeuner2007-112" target="_blank">[103]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-BergemannRiecher-R%C3%B6ssler2005-113" target="_blank">[104]</a></strong><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid23978486-114" target="_blank"><strong>[105]</strong></a> These actions and effects are characteristically similar to those of other <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAA_receptor_positive_allosteric_modulator" target="_blank">GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators</a> like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" target="_blank">alcohol</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturate" target="_blank">barbiturates</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine" target="_blank">benzodiazepines</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid23978486-114" target="_blank">[105]</a></p><p></p><p><strong>Similarly to other GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators like alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_tolerance" target="_blank">tolerance</a> has been found to develop with exposure to increased levels of allopregnanolone and related inhibitory neurosteroids.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid20883478-177" target="_blank">[168]</a></strong><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid11744076-178" target="_blank"><strong>[169]</strong></a> This includes <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downregulation_and_upregulation" target="_blank">downregulation</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desensitization_(receptor)" target="_blank">desensitization</a> of the GABAA receptor, reduced effects of allopregnanolone and other GABAA receptor activators (e.g., <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93-aminobutyric_acid" target="_blank">GABA</a> and benzodiazepines), and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_effect" target="_blank">rebound</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_withdrawal" target="_blank">withdrawal</a> effects upon falls in allopregnanolone levels.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid20883478-177" target="_blank">[168]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid11744076-178" target="_blank">[169]</a> In addition, changes in allopregnanolone levels have been implicated in adverse neuropsychiatric effects associated with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_cycle" target="_blank">menstrual cycle</a> (e.g., <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphoria" target="_blank">dysphoria</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood)" target="_blank">depression</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety" target="_blank">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritability" target="_blank">irritability</a>) and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_period" target="_blank">postpartum period</a> (e.g., <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_depression" target="_blank">postpartum depression</a>), as well as in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catamenial_epilepsy" target="_blank">catamenial epilepsy</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizure" target="_blank">seizures</a>).<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid24846476-179" target="_blank">[170]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid21600269-180" target="_blank">[171]</a> Low and high levels of allopregnanolone seem to have a neutral effect on mood, whereas moderate levels have a negative effect, which may underlie the symptoms of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome" target="_blank">premenstrual syndrome</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_dysphoric_disorder" target="_blank">premenstrual dysphoric disorder</a> that are observed in 30 to 40% of premenopausal women.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid24846476-179" target="_blank">[170]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid21600269-180" target="_blank">[171]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid15471618-181" target="_blank">[172]</a> This U-shaped effect on mood appears to be a common property of GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid24846476-179" target="_blank">[170]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid21600269-180" target="_blank">[171]</a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Gianluca, post: 221429, member: 15469"] [URL unfurl="true"]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#Antiestrogenic_effects[/URL] some interesting quotes from it: "Progesterone also [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antihypertensive']lowers blood pressure[/URL] and reduces [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_retention_(medicine)']water[/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_retention']salt retention[/URL] among other effects via its antimineralocorticoid activity.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid16112947-1'][1][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid11246598-49'][40][/URL] Progesterone can produce [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedative']sedative[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotic']hypnotic[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiolytic']anxiolytic[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphoric']euphoric[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_impairment']cognitive-[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_impairment']memory-[/URL], and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_impairment']motor-impairing[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticonvulsant']anticonvulsant[/URL], and even [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthetic']anesthetic[/URL] effects via formation of sufficiently high concentrations of its neurosteroid metabolites and consequent GABAA receptor potentiation in the brain.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid17924777-48'][39][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-Wang-ChengNeuner2007-112'][103][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-BergemannRiecher-R%C3%B6ssler2005-113'][104][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid23978486-114'][105][/URL]" " [HEADING=2]Neurosteroid effects[[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone&action=edit§ion=13']edit[/URL]][/HEADING] Progesterone, through the actions of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosteroid']neurosteroid[/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_metabolite']active metabolites[/URL] such as [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopregnanolone']allopregnanolone[/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnanolone']pregnanolone[/URL], is a potent [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_allosteric_modulator']positive allosteric modulator[/URL] of the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAA_receptor']GABAA receptor[/URL], the major signaling receptor of the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibitory_postsynaptic_potential']inhibitory[/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter']neurotransmitter[/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93-aminobutyric_acid']γ-aminobutyric acid[/URL] (GABA).[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid1347506-15'][15][/URL] [B]It can produce [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedative']sedative[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotic']hypnotic[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiolytic']anxiolytic[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphoric']euphoric[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_impairment']cognitive-[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_impairment']memory-[/URL], and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_impairment']motor-impairing[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticonvulsant']anticonvulsant[/URL], and even [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthetic']anesthetic[/URL] effects with formation of sufficiently high concentrations of its neurosteroid metabolites and consequent GABAA receptor potentiation in the brain.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid17924777-48'][39][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-Wang-ChengNeuner2007-112'][103][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-BergemannRiecher-R%C3%B6ssler2005-113'][104][/URL][/B][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid23978486-114'][B][105][/B][/URL] These actions and effects are characteristically similar to those of other [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAA_receptor_positive_allosteric_modulator']GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators[/URL] like [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)']alcohol[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturate']barbiturates[/URL], and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine']benzodiazepines[/URL].[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid23978486-114'][105][/URL] [B]Similarly to other GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators like alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_tolerance']tolerance[/URL] has been found to develop with exposure to increased levels of allopregnanolone and related inhibitory neurosteroids.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid20883478-177'][168][/URL][/B][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid11744076-178'][B][169][/B][/URL] This includes [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downregulation_and_upregulation']downregulation[/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desensitization_(receptor)']desensitization[/URL] of the GABAA receptor, reduced effects of allopregnanolone and other GABAA receptor activators (e.g., [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93-aminobutyric_acid']GABA[/URL] and benzodiazepines), and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_effect']rebound[/URL] or [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_withdrawal']withdrawal[/URL] effects upon falls in allopregnanolone levels.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid20883478-177'][168][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid11744076-178'][169][/URL] In addition, changes in allopregnanolone levels have been implicated in adverse neuropsychiatric effects associated with the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_cycle']menstrual cycle[/URL] (e.g., [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphoria']dysphoria[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood)']depression[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety']anxiety[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritability']irritability[/URL]) and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_period']postpartum period[/URL] (e.g., [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_depression']postpartum depression[/URL]), as well as in [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catamenial_epilepsy']catamenial epilepsy[/URL] ([URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizure']seizures[/URL]).[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid24846476-179'][170][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid21600269-180'][171][/URL] Low and high levels of allopregnanolone seem to have a neutral effect on mood, whereas moderate levels have a negative effect, which may underlie the symptoms of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome']premenstrual syndrome[/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_dysphoric_disorder']premenstrual dysphoric disorder[/URL] that are observed in 30 to 40% of premenopausal women.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid24846476-179'][170][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid21600269-180'][171][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid15471618-181'][172][/URL] This U-shaped effect on mood appears to be a common property of GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid24846476-179'][170][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone#cite_note-pmid21600269-180'][171][/URL] [/QUOTE]
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Thyroid, Pregnenolone, Progesterone, DHEA, etc
Thyroid, DHEA, Pregnenolone, Progesterone, etc
Progesterone Dose for Men
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