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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone and Men's Health Articles
Primer- Male infertility
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 268880" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p></p><p><em>Clinical infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of trying. <strong>Male factors are estimated to contribute to 30–50% of cases of infertility. Infertility or reduced fertility can result from testicular dysfunction, endocrinopathies, lifestyle factors (such as tobacco and obesity), congenital anatomical factors, gonadotoxic exposures, and aging, among others. The evaluation of male infertility includes detailed history taking, focused physical examination, and selective laboratory testing, including semen analysis.</strong> <strong>Treatments include lifestyle optimization, empirical or targeted medical therapy as well as surgical therapies that lead to measurable improvement in fertility.</strong> Although male infertility is recognized as a disease with effects on the quality of life for both members of the infertile couple, fewer data exist on specific quantification and impact compared with other health-related conditions.</em></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><strong>Epidemiology</strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong><em>*Prevalence</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>*Health-related issues</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>*Genetic and congenital conditions</em></strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Mechanisms/pathophysiology</strong></p><p></p><p><em><strong>*The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*Sertoli cells</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*Peritubular myoid cells</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*Leydig cells</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*The germ cells in the testis</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*Mitosis in the seminiferous tubule</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*Meiosis</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*Spermiogenesis</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*The cycle and stages of spermatogenesis</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*Leydig cells and androgens in men</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*Exposures leading to dysfunction</strong></em></p><p><strong><em>*Importance of paternal aging</em></strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Diagnosis, screening, and prevention</strong></p><p></p><p><em><strong>*Surgical history</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*Systemic medical illness</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*Lifestyle</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*Medications</strong></em></p><p><strong><em>*Physical examination</em></strong></p><p><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>*Laboratory assessment</em></strong></p><p><em>-Semen analysis</em></p><p><em>-Endocrine evaluation</em></p><p><em>-Genetics studies</em></p><p><em>-Selective imaging</em></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><strong>Management</strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong><em>*General treatments</em></strong></p><p><em>-Lifestyle interventions</em></p><p><em>-Limiting environmental exposures</em></p><p></p><p></p><p><strong><em>*Focused therapy</em></strong></p><p><em>-Pharmacological treatments</em></p><p><em>-Surgical therapy</em></p><p></p><p></p><p><strong><em>*Quality of life</em></strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Outlook</strong></p><p></p><p><em><strong>*Future diagnostics and treatments</strong></em></p><p><strong><em>*Required public health measures</em></strong></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 268880, member: 13851"] [B]Abstract[/B] [I]Clinical infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of trying. [B]Male factors are estimated to contribute to 30–50% of cases of infertility. Infertility or reduced fertility can result from testicular dysfunction, endocrinopathies, lifestyle factors (such as tobacco and obesity), congenital anatomical factors, gonadotoxic exposures, and aging, among others. The evaluation of male infertility includes detailed history taking, focused physical examination, and selective laboratory testing, including semen analysis.[/B] [B]Treatments include lifestyle optimization, empirical or targeted medical therapy as well as surgical therapies that lead to measurable improvement in fertility.[/B] Although male infertility is recognized as a disease with effects on the quality of life for both members of the infertile couple, fewer data exist on specific quantification and impact compared with other health-related conditions.[/I] [B]Epidemiology [I]*Prevalence *Health-related issues *Genetic and congenital conditions[/I] Mechanisms/pathophysiology[/B] [I][B]*The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis *Sertoli cells *Peritubular myoid cells *Leydig cells *The germ cells in the testis *Mitosis in the seminiferous tubule *Meiosis *Spermiogenesis *The cycle and stages of spermatogenesis *Leydig cells and androgens in men *Exposures leading to dysfunction[/B][/I] [B][I]*Importance of paternal aging[/I] Diagnosis, screening, and prevention[/B] [I][B]*Surgical history *Systemic medical illness *Lifestyle *Medications[/B][/I] [B][I]*Physical examination *Laboratory assessment[/I][/B] [I]-Semen analysis -Endocrine evaluation -Genetics studies -Selective imaging[/I] [B]Management [I]*General treatments[/I][/B] [I]-Lifestyle interventions -Limiting environmental exposures[/I] [B][I]*Focused therapy[/I][/B] [I]-Pharmacological treatments -Surgical therapy[/I] [B][I]*Quality of life[/I] Outlook[/B] [I][B]*Future diagnostics and treatments[/B][/I] [B][I]*Required public health measures[/I][/B] [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone and Men's Health Articles
Primer- Male infertility
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