ExcelMale
Menu
Home
What's new
Latest activity
Forums
New posts
Search forums
What's new
New posts
Latest activity
Videos
Lab Tests
Doctor Finder
Buy Books
About Us
Men’s Health Coaching
Log in
Register
What's new
Search
Search
Search titles only
By:
New posts
Search forums
Menu
Log in
Register
Navigation
Install the app
Install
More options
Contact us
Close Menu
Forums
Clinical Use of Anabolics and Hormones
Clinical Use of Anabolics and Hormones
Positive and Negative Effects of Steroid Use
JavaScript is disabled. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding.
You are using an out of date browser. It may not display this or other websites correctly.
You should upgrade or use an
alternative browser
.
Reply to thread
Message
<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 188981" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong>Study limitations </strong></p><p></p><p>Several limitations of the HAARLEM study are described elsewhere and include the exclusion of athletes who use AAS continuously and the introduction of selection bias by offering medical check-ups for free. Moreover, AAS cycles were greatly heterogeneous and, as mentioned, the calculation of androgen dose was unreliable. Multivariable analysis cannot fully adjust for confounding factors and unmeasured or unknown confounders were not taken into account.</p><p></p><p>Furthermore, only one clinic visit took place during the AAS cycle. They used questionnaires to reflect on the past one or two weeks and psychological changes that occurred earlier in the cycle may have been missed. Some recall bias may still have led to underreporting of certain side effects, but was minimized by using checklists during clinic visits. Also, the questionnaires are not validated and may not be sensitive to detect effects typically resulting from androgen exposure. Another shortcoming is that the severity of the self-reported side effects was not recorded systematically. However, only 13% of subjects considered side effects severe enough to stop or adjust the intended AAS cycle. <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><strong><em>Obviously, the results of this study <u>do not exclude potential long term side effects of androgen abuse</u>. The design of the study also precludes convincing statements about the causality of the rare but serious adverse effects that were encountered.</em></strong></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><strong>PERSPECTIVE </strong></p><p></p><p>The HAARLEM study provides a detailed and reliable overview of the side effects of AAS use in a prospectively analyzed and representative cohort of 100 amateur male athletes during a one-year follow-up. All users experience positive side effects such as an increase in muscle strength and size. All users encountered negative side effects as well, most prominently gynecomastia and acne, but these were usually anticipated, mild, and transient. Acute or subacute effects on liver and kidney function were absent or completely reversible and unrelated to the use of oral androgens. In the vast majority of users, androgen exposure and withdrawal will not lead to clinically relevant psychological effects. In a few subjects, a serious adverse event occurred. Cycle dose and duration cannot be used to predict the chance to suffer side effects, nor its severity. For most users, the benefits of AAS use outweighed the side effects, supported by the observation that side effects rarely led to the termination of AAS use. <strong><em><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">Solely informing AAS users about side effects will probably not be effective in preventing athletes from using AAS. </span><span style="color: rgb(44, 130, 201)">Future studies should therefore focus on the long-term health risks of AAS use and on how to reduce harm in athletes using AAS. </span></em></strong></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 188981, member: 13851"] [B]Study limitations [/B] Several limitations of the HAARLEM study are described elsewhere and include the exclusion of athletes who use AAS continuously and the introduction of selection bias by offering medical check-ups for free. Moreover, AAS cycles were greatly heterogeneous and, as mentioned, the calculation of androgen dose was unreliable. Multivariable analysis cannot fully adjust for confounding factors and unmeasured or unknown confounders were not taken into account. Furthermore, only one clinic visit took place during the AAS cycle. They used questionnaires to reflect on the past one or two weeks and psychological changes that occurred earlier in the cycle may have been missed. Some recall bias may still have led to underreporting of certain side effects, but was minimized by using checklists during clinic visits. Also, the questionnaires are not validated and may not be sensitive to detect effects typically resulting from androgen exposure. Another shortcoming is that the severity of the self-reported side effects was not recorded systematically. However, only 13% of subjects considered side effects severe enough to stop or adjust the intended AAS cycle. [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)][B][I]Obviously, the results of this study [U]do not exclude potential long term side effects of androgen abuse[/U]. The design of the study also precludes convincing statements about the causality of the rare but serious adverse effects that were encountered.[/I][/B][/COLOR] [B]PERSPECTIVE [/B] The HAARLEM study provides a detailed and reliable overview of the side effects of AAS use in a prospectively analyzed and representative cohort of 100 amateur male athletes during a one-year follow-up. All users experience positive side effects such as an increase in muscle strength and size. All users encountered negative side effects as well, most prominently gynecomastia and acne, but these were usually anticipated, mild, and transient. Acute or subacute effects on liver and kidney function were absent or completely reversible and unrelated to the use of oral androgens. In the vast majority of users, androgen exposure and withdrawal will not lead to clinically relevant psychological effects. In a few subjects, a serious adverse event occurred. Cycle dose and duration cannot be used to predict the chance to suffer side effects, nor its severity. For most users, the benefits of AAS use outweighed the side effects, supported by the observation that side effects rarely led to the termination of AAS use. [B][I][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]Solely informing AAS users about side effects will probably not be effective in preventing athletes from using AAS. [/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(44, 130, 201)]Future studies should therefore focus on the long-term health risks of AAS use and on how to reduce harm in athletes using AAS. [/COLOR][/I][/B] [/QUOTE]
Insert quotes…
Verification
Post reply
Share this page
Facebook
Twitter
Reddit
Pinterest
Tumblr
WhatsApp
Email
Share
Link
Sponsors
Forums
Clinical Use of Anabolics and Hormones
Clinical Use of Anabolics and Hormones
Positive and Negative Effects of Steroid Use
This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register.
By continuing to use this site, you are consenting to our use of cookies.
Accept
Learn more…
Top