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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Prostate Related Issues
Paying the price for standing tall: Fluid mechanics of prostate pathology
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 186311" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p>[ATTACH=full]10655[/ATTACH]</p><p><strong><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">FIGURE 1</span> <span style="color: rgb(44, 130, 201)">Schematic presentation of the anatomy and venous blood flow in normal and pathological testicular and prostatic venous drainage systems.</span> <span style="color: rgb(26, 188, 156)">A,</span> Under normal conditions, most venous blood from the testes drains into the internal spermatic veins <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">(ISVs)</span> where one‐way valves assist in lifting it towards the heart. From the prostate, venous blood is driven by the upwards pressure gradient of 6 mm Hg in the venous plexus/Santorini plexus of the prostate to the vena cava <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">(where the pressure is –5 mm Hg)</span>. <span style="color: rgb(26, 188, 156)">B,</span> Destruction of one‐way valves in ISVs reverses downwards the direction of the hydrostatic pressure in the right ISV up to 27 mm Hg and up to 32 mm Hg in the left ISV. This produces the pressure gradient from the deferential vein <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">(DV)</span> in the direction of the prostatic venous plexus <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">(PVP)</span> partially diverting the free‐testosterone rich testicular venous efflux via DV to PVP and Santorini plexus directly into the prostate. <span style="color: rgb(26, 188, 156)">C, </span>Occlusion of the faulty ISVs and their newly formed collaterals </strong><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><strong>(indicated by the gray areas)</strong> </span><strong>eliminates the pathological venous overpressure and restores normal pressure relationships within the testes/prostate venous system, and reestablishes normal pressures within the venous drainage system. <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">CI, </span>common iliac vein;<span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"> CV,</span> cremasteric vein; <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">DV,</span> deferential vein; <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">II,</span> internal iliac vein; <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">ISV,</span> internal spermatic vein; <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">IVC,</span> internal vena cava;<span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"> K,</span> kidney;<span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"> OWV,</span> one‐way valve; <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">P,</span> prostate; <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">PP,</span> pampiniform plexus; <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">PVP,</span> prostatic venous plexus; <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">RV,</span> renal vein; <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">SAN,</span> Santorini plexus; <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">SV, </span>scrotal vein;<span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"> T,</span> testis; <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">VP,</span> vesicular plexus; <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">VV,</span> vesicular vein <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">[Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] </span></strong></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 186311, member: 13851"] [ATTACH type="full"]10655[/ATTACH] [B][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]FIGURE 1[/COLOR] [COLOR=rgb(44, 130, 201)]Schematic presentation of the anatomy and venous blood flow in normal and pathological testicular and prostatic venous drainage systems.[/COLOR] [COLOR=rgb(26, 188, 156)]A,[/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)] [/COLOR]Under normal conditions, most venous blood from the testes drains into the internal spermatic veins [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)](ISVs)[/COLOR] where one‐way valves assist in lifting it towards the heart. From the prostate, venous blood is driven by the upwards pressure gradient of 6 mm Hg in the venous plexus/Santorini plexus of the prostate to the vena cava [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)](where the pressure is –5 mm Hg)[/COLOR]. [COLOR=rgb(26, 188, 156)]B,[/COLOR] Destruction of one‐way valves in ISVs reverses downwards the direction of the hydrostatic pressure in the right ISV up to 27 mm Hg and up to 32 mm Hg in the left ISV. This produces the pressure gradient from the deferential vein [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)](DV)[/COLOR] in the direction of the prostatic venous plexus [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)](PVP)[/COLOR] partially diverting the free‐testosterone rich testicular venous efflux via DV to PVP and Santorini plexus directly into the prostate. [COLOR=rgb(26, 188, 156)]C, [/COLOR]Occlusion of the faulty ISVs and their newly formed collaterals [/B][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)][B](indicated by the gray areas)[/B] [/COLOR][B]eliminates the pathological venous overpressure and restores normal pressure relationships within the testes/prostate venous system, and reestablishes normal pressures within the venous drainage system. [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]CI, [/COLOR]common iliac vein;[COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)] CV,[/COLOR] cremasteric vein; [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]DV,[/COLOR] deferential vein; [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]II,[/COLOR] internal iliac vein; [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]ISV,[/COLOR] internal spermatic vein; [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]IVC,[/COLOR] internal vena cava;[COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)] K,[/COLOR] kidney;[COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)] OWV,[/COLOR] one‐way valve; [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]P,[/COLOR] prostate; [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]PP,[/COLOR] pampiniform plexus; [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]PVP,[/COLOR] prostatic venous plexus; [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]RV,[/COLOR] renal vein; [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]SAN,[/COLOR] Santorini plexus; [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]SV, [/COLOR]scrotal vein;[COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)] T,[/COLOR] testis; [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]VP,[/COLOR] vesicular plexus; [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]VV,[/COLOR] vesicular vein [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)][Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] [/COLOR][/B] [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Prostate Related Issues
Paying the price for standing tall: Fluid mechanics of prostate pathology
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