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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone and Men's Health Articles
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Testosterone Deficiency
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 146213" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><em>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) </em></span><em>is a <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">common disorder</span> characterized by<span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"> intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation.</span> OSA in middle-aged men is often associated with <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">decreased testosterone secretion</span>, together with <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">obesity and aging.</span></em></strong><em> Although OSA treatment does not reliably increase testosterone levels in most studies, <strong>OSA treatment with <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) </span>may not only <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">improve hypogonadism</span> but can also <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">alleviate erectile/sexual dysfunction.</span></strong> However, because TRT may exacerbate OSA in some patients, patients should be asked about OSA symptoms before and after starting TRT. Furthermore, TRT should probably be avoided in patients with severe untreated OSA.</em></p><p></p><p></p><p><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><em><strong>*TRT aggravates OSA </strong></em></span><em><strong>through <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">several physiologic mechanisms</span> including <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">neuromuscular changes to the airways, changes in metabolic requirements,</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)"> and</span></strong></em><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><strong><em> changes in the physiologic response to hypoxia and hypercapnia. </em></strong></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><strong></strong></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><strong></strong></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><strong></strong></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><strong></strong></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><strong></strong></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><strong>Fig. 1.</strong></span><strong> <u>Potential mechanisms linking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity to low testosterone</u>. A bidirectional relationship between testosterone and obesity or OSA is shown. While <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">OSA and obesity</span> lead to <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">lower testosterone</span>, low testosterone promotes <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">obesity and affects sleep quality.</span> REM: rapid eye movement, SHBG: sex hormone binding globulin, GnRH: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, LH: luteinizing hormone.</strong></p><p>[ATTACH=full]7318[/ATTACH]</p><p></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">Fig. 2.</span></strong> <strong><u>The plausible mechanisms by which testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) worsens obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)</u>.</strong> <strong><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">TRT aggravates OSA </span>through <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">several physiologic mechanisms</span> including <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">neuromuscular changes to the airways, changes in metabolic requirements,</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)"> and</span><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"> changes in the physiologic response to hypoxia and hypercapnia. </span></strong></p><p>[ATTACH=full]7319[/ATTACH]</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong></p><p></p><p><em><strong>Testosterone shows circadian variation, but its pattern is not as same as cortisol. Sleep-related increase in serum testosterone is linked with the appearance of the first REM sleep and requires 3 hours of deep sleep. Although the relationship between <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">testosterone and OSA</span> is <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">complex </span>and not yet <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">completely understood</span>, OSA may contribute to<span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"> low testosterone </span>because of <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">hypoxia and sleep fragmentation.</span></strong> <strong>Furthermore, <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">obesity and advanced age </span>may account for <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">lower testosterone secretion levels</span> in middle-aged men with OSA</strong>. <strong>Although the effects of OSA treatment on<span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"> testosterone levels</span> remain unclear, OSA treatment may help <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">improve sexual function</span>, especially in men with <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">severe OSA.</span></strong> </em><strong><em>However, <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">TRT </span>should be probably avoided in patients with <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">severe untreated OSA</span> because <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">TRT may worsen OSA </span>in </em><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><em>some patients. </em></span></strong></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 146213, member: 13851"] [B][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)][I]Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) [/I][/COLOR][I]is a [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]common disorder[/COLOR] characterized by[COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)] intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation.[/COLOR] OSA in middle-aged men is often associated with [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]decreased testosterone secretion[/COLOR], together with [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]obesity and aging.[/COLOR][/I][/B][I] Although OSA treatment does not reliably increase testosterone levels in most studies, [B]OSA treatment with [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) [/COLOR]may not only [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]improve hypogonadism[/COLOR] but can also [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]alleviate erectile/sexual dysfunction.[/COLOR][/B] However, because TRT may exacerbate OSA in some patients, patients should be asked about OSA symptoms before and after starting TRT. Furthermore, TRT should probably be avoided in patients with severe untreated OSA.[/I] [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)][I][B]*TRT aggravates OSA [/B][/I][/COLOR][I][B]through [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]several physiologic mechanisms[/COLOR] including [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]neuromuscular changes to the airways, changes in metabolic requirements,[/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(0, 0, 0)] and[/COLOR][/B][/I][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)][B][I] changes in the physiologic response to hypoxia and hypercapnia. [/I] Fig. 1.[/B][/COLOR][B] [U]Potential mechanisms linking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity to low testosterone[/U]. A bidirectional relationship between testosterone and obesity or OSA is shown. While [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]OSA and obesity[/COLOR] lead to [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]lower testosterone[/COLOR], low testosterone promotes [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]obesity and affects sleep quality.[/COLOR] REM: rapid eye movement, SHBG: sex hormone binding globulin, GnRH: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, LH: luteinizing hormone.[/B] [ATTACH type="full" alt="Screenshot (137).png"]7318[/ATTACH] [B][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]Fig. 2.[/COLOR][/B] [B][U]The plausible mechanisms by which testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) worsens obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)[/U].[/B] [B][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]TRT aggravates OSA [/COLOR]through [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]several physiologic mechanisms[/COLOR] including [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]neuromuscular changes to the airways, changes in metabolic requirements,[/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(0, 0, 0)] and[/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)] changes in the physiologic response to hypoxia and hypercapnia. [/COLOR][/B] [ATTACH type="full" alt="Screenshot (138).png"]7319[/ATTACH] [B]CONCLUSIONS[/B] [I][B]Testosterone shows circadian variation, but its pattern is not as same as cortisol. Sleep-related increase in serum testosterone is linked with the appearance of the first REM sleep and requires 3 hours of deep sleep. Although the relationship between [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]testosterone and OSA[/COLOR] is [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]complex [/COLOR]and not yet [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]completely understood[/COLOR], OSA may contribute to[COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)] low testosterone [/COLOR]because of [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]hypoxia and sleep fragmentation.[/COLOR][/B] [B]Furthermore, [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]obesity and advanced age [/COLOR]may account for [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]lower testosterone secretion levels[/COLOR] in middle-aged men with OSA[/B]. [B]Although the effects of OSA treatment on[COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)] testosterone levels[/COLOR] remain unclear, OSA treatment may help [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]improve sexual function[/COLOR], especially in men with [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]severe OSA.[/COLOR][/B] [/I][B][I]However, [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]TRT [/COLOR]should be probably avoided in patients with [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]severe untreated OSA[/COLOR] because [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]TRT may worsen OSA [/COLOR]in [/I][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)][I]some patients. [/I][/COLOR][/B] [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone and Men's Health Articles
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Testosterone Deficiency
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