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Mental Health
Nitric oxide has a dual role in Alzheimer's disease
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 255907" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong>Fig. 6. The NO mechanism to ameliorate memory in detail is that glutamate first activates NMDAR in hippocampal glutamatergic synapses. </strong>This receptor – NMDAR – needs stimuli for its activation, to wit: sodium (Na+) entry to depolarize the postsynaptic membrane and binding glutamate with glycine. Then, the magnesium (Mg2+) ion is separated from the channel, thus allowing the influx of cations, mainly Na+ and Ca2+, into the neuron. The postsynaptic membrane then can be depolarized by Na+; simultaneously, Ca+2 binds to calmodulin (CaM) and nNOS will be activated [237], thereby producing NO. Incidentally, Ca2+ triggers a signaling cascade that escalates a number of the AMPA receptors – by which Na+ can enter into the postsynaptic neuron. Notably, since NO is able to diffuse from the postsynaptic ending to the presynaptic in which the releasing vesicles are provoked by a GC-independent mechanism [238,239], it will form an activation loop named LTP [240,241], which is the physiological mechanism of memory, and also it induces CREB, resulting in promoting spine growth</p><p>[ATTACH=full]33053[/ATTACH]</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 255907, member: 13851"] [B]Fig. 6. The NO mechanism to ameliorate memory in detail is that glutamate first activates NMDAR in hippocampal glutamatergic synapses. [/B]This receptor – NMDAR – needs stimuli for its activation, to wit: sodium (Na+) entry to depolarize the postsynaptic membrane and binding glutamate with glycine. Then, the magnesium (Mg2+) ion is separated from the channel, thus allowing the influx of cations, mainly Na+ and Ca2+, into the neuron. The postsynaptic membrane then can be depolarized by Na+; simultaneously, Ca+2 binds to calmodulin (CaM) and nNOS will be activated [237], thereby producing NO. Incidentally, Ca2+ triggers a signaling cascade that escalates a number of the AMPA receptors – by which Na+ can enter into the postsynaptic neuron. Notably, since NO is able to diffuse from the postsynaptic ending to the presynaptic in which the releasing vesicles are provoked by a GC-independent mechanism [238,239], it will form an activation loop named LTP [240,241], which is the physiological mechanism of memory, and also it induces CREB, resulting in promoting spine growth [ATTACH type="full"]33053[/ATTACH] [/QUOTE]
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Mental Health
Nitric oxide has a dual role in Alzheimer's disease
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