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All measurements are done via ultrafiltration. A HRT  bases use But several bases will work well.  HRT works great and to be used for men and women. We don’t find a need to measure SHBG since we are following symptoms first and foremost along with free testosterone. Free testosterone is measure to ensure compliance with treatment as well as to ensure adequate absorption is occurring and we are getting desirable levels. No one is aiming for a specific number but we are also not afraid of any specific number. For instance if a man feels great with a free testosterone of 25 in there it is, if he has a free of 35 and feels great then their good as well,  if he has one at 55 or even 65 And is doing well then his numbers are left alone. I’m in the process of moving at the present time so I don’t have the time to outline the history of hormones such as Thyroid And Testosterone but I would if I had the time. Remember that thyroid  has been used for over 100 years and it was used based on clinical response as the  TSH test wasn’t available until the 1970s. Testosterone was also used based on clinical signs and symptoms without measuring lab test such as sex hormone binding globulin, total testosterone, pre-testosterone, estradiol etc. labs were expensive not readily available for testosterone. Testosterone was used to treat symptoms. In fact that was the good all days and yet they were treating men With testosterone without any labs to follow and yet there was no increase risk of heart attacks strokes blood clots etc. I’m glad you’re trying to help men out but I really don’t have the time for forums But I do enjoy helping and I’m glad that you’re out there trying to help me out as well. My patients will make me aware when I name is mentioned or topic comes up They feel should be addressed.

So injections and cream work. Clinical experience goes along way with the Use of the cream. So I guess in Summary clinics should be focused on clinical outcomes and the health of the patient and not so overly concerned with a specific number. Once again it’s not Cost effective or reasonable to measure a mans AR sensitivity based on their CAG repeat length or their exposures to environmental toxins that affect their production and response to testosterone. I will give you one little tidbit though that I found interesting and it is readily available in the medical literature. You always see people ask here are my numbers do I need testosterone? There is no specific number that Denotes a deficiency. Interestingly enough men with the least response to testosterone at the tissue level based on their CAG repeats have the highest baseline levels of testosterone so outwardly on paper it would appear that they didn’t need testosterone but In fact due to their decrease sensitivity they do

and with the PK study you posted you see about a 25% reduction in levels from peak to 12 hours later. Who wants peaks and troughs? I aim for a nice sine wave with no significant peaks or troughs.   Always stay above the Minimal effective concentration.