Figure 1. Graphic abstract representing the current applications of trifarotene in dermatological clinical trials and molecular pathways. In the left section, the action of trifarotene in acne is reported. It performs both immunoregulatory—leading to an increase in the expression of transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-4—and keratoplastic functions, increasing the expression of keratins K1, K5, K10, K14, and K16. Moreover, it seems that trifarotene, like other retinoids, may have a role in modulating skin microbiota. Finally, trifarotene weakens hemidesmosomes, interfering with cell adhesion. The migration of keratinocytes, caused by the drug, mediates its comedolytic property. The importance of trifarotene in lamellar ichthyosis has been reported in the central section. Trifarotene, by means of RAR-γ, causes an increased expression of transglutaminase 1, promoting keratinocyte cohesion. The rationale for the use of trifarotene in cutaneous T cell lymphomas has been reported in the right section. It seems to promote apoptosis and differentiation, upregulating caspases 3 and 8, p21 and p27
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