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Metabolic effects of L-citrulline in type 2 diabetes
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 245096" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong>Figure 4. <u>Possible mechanisms of L-citrulline (Cit) metabolic effects in adipose tissue</u>: (1) stimulating lipolysis by increasing phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), (2) inducing β-oxidation by increasing expression of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase1 (CPT1), (3) reducing glyceroneogenesis by decreasing expression of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), and carboxykinase (PEPCK), (4) inducing thermogenesis by increasing the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. AC, acylcarnitine; ASL, argininosuccinate lyase; ASS, argininosuccinate synthetase; ATGL, adipose triglyceride lipase; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; Car, carnitine; CAT, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase; Cit-Arg cycle, citrulline-arginine cycle; CPT2, carnitine palmito yltransferase2; DAG, diacylglycerol; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase; FA-CoA, Fatty Acyl-CoA; GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4; G3P, glycerol 3-phosphate; G6P, glycerol 6-phosphate; GyK, glycerol kinase; KB, ketone bodies; MAG, monoacylglycerol; MGL, monoglycerol lipase; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acid; OAA, oxaloacetate; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) co-activator 1α; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha; TAG, triacylglycerol; TCA cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle. Created with BioRender.com</strong></p><p><strong>[ATTACH=full]28886[/ATTACH]</strong></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 245096, member: 13851"] [B]Figure 4. [U]Possible mechanisms of L-citrulline (Cit) metabolic effects in adipose tissue[/U]: (1) stimulating lipolysis by increasing phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), (2) inducing β-oxidation by increasing expression of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase1 (CPT1), (3) reducing glyceroneogenesis by decreasing expression of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), and carboxykinase (PEPCK), (4) inducing thermogenesis by increasing the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. AC, acylcarnitine; ASL, argininosuccinate lyase; ASS, argininosuccinate synthetase; ATGL, adipose triglyceride lipase; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; Car, carnitine; CAT, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase; Cit-Arg cycle, citrulline-arginine cycle; CPT2, carnitine palmito yltransferase2; DAG, diacylglycerol; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase; FA-CoA, Fatty Acyl-CoA; GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4; G3P, glycerol 3-phosphate; G6P, glycerol 6-phosphate; GyK, glycerol kinase; KB, ketone bodies; MAG, monoacylglycerol; MGL, monoglycerol lipase; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acid; OAA, oxaloacetate; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) co-activator 1α; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha; TAG, triacylglycerol; TCA cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle. Created with BioRender.com [ATTACH type="full"]28886[/ATTACH][/B] [/QUOTE]
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Metabolic effects of L-citrulline in type 2 diabetes
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