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Clinical Use of Anabolics and Hormones
Clinical Use of Anabolics and Hormones
Is low dose nandrolone safe?
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<blockquote data-quote="tareload" data-source="post: 225302"><p><h3><strong>Is low dose nandrolone safe?</strong></h3><p>Is 1200 ng/dl TT trough safe?</p><p>Is smoking safe?</p><p></p><p><a href="https://www.excelmale.com/forum/threads/trt-to-supraphysiological-levels-for-body-building.24696/post-216442" target="_blank">Missing context</a>...(1) for how long and (2) <a href="https://www.excelmale.com/forum/threads/for-nelson-vergel-what%E2%80%99s-your-current-protocol.25382/post-225013" target="_blank">for who?</a></p><p></p><p>[URL unfurl="true"]https://www.sciencealert.com/we-re-closer-to-understanding-why-most-lifelong-smokers-never-get-lung-cancer[/URL]</p><p></p><p><em>Smoking cigarettes is the number one risk factor for lung <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/cancer" target="_blank">cancer</a>, with tobacco products causing <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/risk_factors.htm" target="_blank">up to 90 percent of lung cancer deaths</a> in the United States. </em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em>Without a doubt, the safest way to protect yourself against lung cancer is to avoid smoking cigarettes, and yet, at the same time, it's also true that not all lifelong smokers are doomed to develop cancer.</em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em><strong>In fact, the vast majority don't. </strong>Scientists have long wondered why, <strong>and a new study adds weight to the idea that genetics has a role to play.</strong></em></p><p></p><p>[URL unfurl="true"]https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-022-01035-w#Sec2[/URL]</p><p></p><h2>Abstract</h2><p>Although lung cancer risk among smokers is dependent on smoking dose, it remains unknown if this increased risk reflects an increased rate of somatic mutation accumulation in normal lung cells. Here, we applied single-cell whole-genome sequencing of proximal bronchial basal cells from 33 participants aged between 11 and 86 years with smoking histories varying from never-smoking to 116 pack-years. We found an increase in the frequency of single-nucleotide variants and small insertions and deletions with chronological age in never-smokers, with mutation frequencies significantly elevated among smokers. When plotted against smoking pack-years, mutations followed the linear increase in cancer risk until about 23 pack-years, after which no further increase in mutation frequency was observed, pointing toward individual selection for mutation avoidance. Known lung cancer-defined mutation signatures tracked with both age and smoking. No significant enrichment for somatic mutations in lung cancer driver genes was observed.</p><p></p><p></p><p>[URL unfurl="true"]https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-022-01035-w/figures/7[/URL]</p><p></p><p><img src="https://aws1.discourse-cdn.com/tnation/uploads/default/optimized/4X/1/5/2/15290d05334b052884bc9f31dcfd19bc677884de_2_690x461.png" class="bbImage" alt="" data-url="https://aws1.discourse-cdn.com/tnation/uploads/default/optimized/4X/1/5/2/15290d05334b052884bc9f31dcfd19bc677884de_2_690x461.png" style="" /></p><p></p><p>Nice that the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-022-01035-w#MOESM3" target="_blank">peer review trail</a> is now open for everyone to view. Well done.</p><p></p><h2></h2></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="tareload, post: 225302"] [HEADING=2][B]Is low dose nandrolone safe?[/B][/HEADING] Is 1200 ng/dl TT trough safe? Is smoking safe? [URL='https://www.excelmale.com/forum/threads/trt-to-supraphysiological-levels-for-body-building.24696/post-216442']Missing context[/URL]...(1) for how long and (2) [URL='https://www.excelmale.com/forum/threads/for-nelson-vergel-what%E2%80%99s-your-current-protocol.25382/post-225013']for who?[/URL] [URL unfurl="true"]https://www.sciencealert.com/we-re-closer-to-understanding-why-most-lifelong-smokers-never-get-lung-cancer[/URL] [I]Smoking cigarettes is the number one risk factor for lung [URL='https://www.sciencealert.com/cancer']cancer[/URL], with tobacco products causing [URL='https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/risk_factors.htm']up to 90 percent of lung cancer deaths[/URL] in the United States. Without a doubt, the safest way to protect yourself against lung cancer is to avoid smoking cigarettes, and yet, at the same time, it's also true that not all lifelong smokers are doomed to develop cancer. [B]In fact, the vast majority don't. [/B]Scientists have long wondered why, [B]and a new study adds weight to the idea that genetics has a role to play.[/B][/I] [URL unfurl="true"]https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-022-01035-w#Sec2[/URL] [HEADING=1]Abstract[/HEADING] Although lung cancer risk among smokers is dependent on smoking dose, it remains unknown if this increased risk reflects an increased rate of somatic mutation accumulation in normal lung cells. Here, we applied single-cell whole-genome sequencing of proximal bronchial basal cells from 33 participants aged between 11 and 86 years with smoking histories varying from never-smoking to 116 pack-years. We found an increase in the frequency of single-nucleotide variants and small insertions and deletions with chronological age in never-smokers, with mutation frequencies significantly elevated among smokers. When plotted against smoking pack-years, mutations followed the linear increase in cancer risk until about 23 pack-years, after which no further increase in mutation frequency was observed, pointing toward individual selection for mutation avoidance. Known lung cancer-defined mutation signatures tracked with both age and smoking. No significant enrichment for somatic mutations in lung cancer driver genes was observed. [URL unfurl="true"]https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-022-01035-w/figures/7[/URL] [IMG]https://aws1.discourse-cdn.com/tnation/uploads/default/optimized/4X/1/5/2/15290d05334b052884bc9f31dcfd19bc677884de_2_690x461.png[/IMG] Nice that the [URL='https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-022-01035-w#MOESM3']peer review trail[/URL] is now open for everyone to view. Well done. [HEADING=1][/HEADING] [/QUOTE]
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Clinical Use of Anabolics and Hormones
Clinical Use of Anabolics and Hormones
Is low dose nandrolone safe?
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