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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Clomid for PCT, fertility or low T
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) Action on Spermatogenesis: A Focus on Physiological and Therapeutic Roles
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 175950" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p>[ATTACH=full]9563[/ATTACH]</p><p><strong><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">Figure 2.</span> Early FSH-dependent signaling and receptor internalization. (A) FSHR extracellular domain is exposed to FSH binding in the cell membrane. (B) FSHRs may form multimers in the cell surface and, upon FSH binding, undergo conformational changes inducing activation of the Gαs protein and subsequent ATP to cAMP conversion by the adenylyl cyclase enzyme. The downstream PKA, pERK1/2, and pCREB activation target CRE sequences, triggering gene expression. (C) The GRK enzyme is recruited via a mechanism involving the βγ dimer of the G protein and mediates FSHR phosphorylation at specific intracellular sites. (D) β-arrestins form a signaling module associated with FSHR and ERK1/2, mediating the assembly of clathrin-coated pits and internalization of the receptor. Besides this β-arrestin/clathrin-related mechanism, the GTPase dynamin may participate in the internalization of FSHR. (E) FSH complexed with the receptor is internalized and routed to endosomal compartments sustaining the prolonged activation of signaling cascades. </strong></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 175950, member: 13851"] [ATTACH type="full"]9563[/ATTACH] [B][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]Figure 2.[/COLOR] Early FSH-dependent signaling and receptor internalization. (A) FSHR extracellular domain is exposed to FSH binding in the cell membrane. (B) FSHRs may form multimers in the cell surface and, upon FSH binding, undergo conformational changes inducing activation of the Gαs protein and subsequent ATP to cAMP conversion by the adenylyl cyclase enzyme. The downstream PKA, pERK1/2, and pCREB activation target CRE sequences, triggering gene expression. (C) The GRK enzyme is recruited via a mechanism involving the βγ dimer of the G protein and mediates FSHR phosphorylation at specific intracellular sites. (D) β-arrestins form a signaling module associated with FSHR and ERK1/2, mediating the assembly of clathrin-coated pits and internalization of the receptor. Besides this β-arrestin/clathrin-related mechanism, the GTPase dynamin may participate in the internalization of FSHR. (E) FSH complexed with the receptor is internalized and routed to endosomal compartments sustaining the prolonged activation of signaling cascades. [/B] [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Clomid for PCT, fertility or low T
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) Action on Spermatogenesis: A Focus on Physiological and Therapeutic Roles
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