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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone and Men's Health Articles
Exercise and Testosterone Levels
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 131435" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong>The role of hormones in muscle hypertrophy </strong></p><p></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">ABSTRACT</span></strong> </p><p>Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and other hormones such as growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been shown to increase muscle mass in patients suffering from various diseases related to muscle atrophy. Despite known side-effects associated with supraphysiologic doses of such drugs, their anabolic effects have led to their widespread use and abuse by bodybuilders and athletes such as strength athletes seeking to improve performance and muscle mass. On the other hand, resistance training (RT) has also been shown to induce significant endogenous hormonal (testosterone (T), GH, IGF-1) elevations. Therefore, some bodybuilders employ RT protocols designed to elevate hormonal levels in order to maximize anabolic responses. In this article, we reviewed current RT protocol outcomes with and without performance enhancing drug usage. Acute RT-induced hormonal elevations seem not to be directly correlated with muscle growth. On the other hand, supplementation with AAS and other hormones might lead to supraphysiological muscle hypertrophy, especially when different compounds are combined. </p><p> </p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p></p><p>In conclusion, <strong><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">acute RT-induced hormonal elevations may have at best minor effects on muscle hypertrophy.</span></strong> Acute hormonal responses might give us an indication on the intensity and the following mechanical and metabolic stress of a given RT protocol but should not be used as causative evidence for a hypertrophic response to exercise.</p><p></p><p>On the other hand, <strong><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">high doses of AAS and PH have profound effects on body composition by sustaining supraphysiological levels of anabolic hormones increasing protein synthesis, satellite cell, and Wnt pathway activation while preventing protein breakdown. </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">The</span> combination of AAS with GH, IGF-1, and insulin might lead to supraphysiological levels of muscle fiber growth (hypertrophy) and increase hyperplasia. However, high doses of AAS and PH might cause severe side effects. The fact that many of these compounds are only available with prescription or are not even produced by pharmaceutical companies nourishes illegal black markets where products of questionable quality are sold to unaware athletes seeking supraphysiological muscle gains. Furthermore, studies of direct effects of AAS and PH combined with RT on muscle mass and performance are lacking. This lack of knowledge might be one reason for the ongoing abuse of illicit drugs among bodybuilders and strength athletes. This field needs more research in order to prevent AAS and PH abuse among individuals endangering themselves by using drugs with effects they are not aware of.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 131435, member: 13851"] [B]The role of hormones in muscle hypertrophy [/B] [B][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]ABSTRACT[/COLOR][/B] Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and other hormones such as growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been shown to increase muscle mass in patients suffering from various diseases related to muscle atrophy. Despite known side-effects associated with supraphysiologic doses of such drugs, their anabolic effects have led to their widespread use and abuse by bodybuilders and athletes such as strength athletes seeking to improve performance and muscle mass. On the other hand, resistance training (RT) has also been shown to induce significant endogenous hormonal (testosterone (T), GH, IGF-1) elevations. Therefore, some bodybuilders employ RT protocols designed to elevate hormonal levels in order to maximize anabolic responses. In this article, we reviewed current RT protocol outcomes with and without performance enhancing drug usage. Acute RT-induced hormonal elevations seem not to be directly correlated with muscle growth. On the other hand, supplementation with AAS and other hormones might lead to supraphysiological muscle hypertrophy, especially when different compounds are combined. [B]Conclusion[/B] In conclusion, [B][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]acute RT-induced hormonal elevations may have at best minor effects on muscle hypertrophy.[/COLOR][/B] Acute hormonal responses might give us an indication on the intensity and the following mechanical and metabolic stress of a given RT protocol but should not be used as causative evidence for a hypertrophic response to exercise. On the other hand, [B][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]high doses of AAS and PH have profound effects on body composition by sustaining supraphysiological levels of anabolic hormones increasing protein synthesis, satellite cell, and Wnt pathway activation while preventing protein breakdown. [/COLOR][/B][COLOR=rgb(0, 0, 0)]The[/COLOR] combination of AAS with GH, IGF-1, and insulin might lead to supraphysiological levels of muscle fiber growth (hypertrophy) and increase hyperplasia. However, high doses of AAS and PH might cause severe side effects. The fact that many of these compounds are only available with prescription or are not even produced by pharmaceutical companies nourishes illegal black markets where products of questionable quality are sold to unaware athletes seeking supraphysiological muscle gains. Furthermore, studies of direct effects of AAS and PH combined with RT on muscle mass and performance are lacking. This lack of knowledge might be one reason for the ongoing abuse of illicit drugs among bodybuilders and strength athletes. This field needs more research in order to prevent AAS and PH abuse among individuals endangering themselves by using drugs with effects they are not aware of. [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
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Exercise and Testosterone Levels
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