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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
When Testosterone Is Not Enough
ED in Men on the Rise: Is There a Link with Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals?
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 211225" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong>Fig. 4. <u>NO-cGMP mediated smooth muscle relaxation</u>. Extracellular nitric oxide (NO) diffuses through the smooth muscle cell membrane and activates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), producing cGMP as a result. This activates protein kinase G (PKG) which then activates K+ channels causing an efflux of K+ from the cell. This results in hyperpolarization (HP) which blocks Ca2+ channels so Ca2+ influx is reduced. In addition, PKG also activates cation ATPase pumps in the cell membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), driving an efflux of Ca2+ out of the cell and sequestration of Ca2+ in the SR, respectively. PKG also suppresses the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway, thereby decreasing Ca2+ sensitivity. NO-mediated reduction in cytosolic Ca2+ and increased Ca2+ sensitivity drives relaxation of the smooth muscle cell. The phosphodiesterase proteins (PDEs) break down cGMP.</strong></p><p>[ATTACH=full]17379[/ATTACH]</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 211225, member: 13851"] [B]Fig. 4. [U]NO-cGMP mediated smooth muscle relaxation[/U]. Extracellular nitric oxide (NO) diffuses through the smooth muscle cell membrane and activates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), producing cGMP as a result. This activates protein kinase G (PKG) which then activates K+ channels causing an efflux of K+ from the cell. This results in hyperpolarization (HP) which blocks Ca2+ channels so Ca2+ influx is reduced. In addition, PKG also activates cation ATPase pumps in the cell membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), driving an efflux of Ca2+ out of the cell and sequestration of Ca2+ in the SR, respectively. PKG also suppresses the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway, thereby decreasing Ca2+ sensitivity. NO-mediated reduction in cytosolic Ca2+ and increased Ca2+ sensitivity drives relaxation of the smooth muscle cell. The phosphodiesterase proteins (PDEs) break down cGMP.[/B] [ATTACH type="full" alt="Screenshot (8831).png"]17379[/ATTACH] [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
When Testosterone Is Not Enough
ED in Men on the Rise: Is There a Link with Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals?
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