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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone Basics & Questions
Drastic change in blood sugar at 3 weeks after starting TRT.
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 182976" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><span style="font-size: 22px"><strong>Time-course of effects on glycemic control</strong></span></p><p></p><p><span style="color: rgb(44, 130, 201)"><em>Several studies indicate that upon testosterone administration, serum glucose is reduced after 3 months in men with impaired glucose tolerance <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib31" target="_blank">(31, 36, 43)</a>. </em></span>In a recent study, this was observed after 24 weeks only in men with baseline glucose >110 ng/ml (6.6 mmol/l) but not significantly in men whose baseline glucose levels were <110 ng/ml (6.6 mmol/l) <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib40" target="_blank">(40)</a>. An early study reported a decrease in glucose and glucose disposal rate after 9 months <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib41" target="_blank">(41)</a>.</p><p></p><p><span style="color: rgb(44, 130, 201)"><em>A decrease in serum proinsulin and insulin was noted after 3 months <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib43" target="_blank">(43)</a> or 6 months <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib45" target="_blank">(45)</a>, and a decrease in homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) after 3 months <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib36" target="_blank">(36)</a> or 6 months <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib45" target="_blank">(45–47)</a>.</em></span></p><p></p><p><em><span style="color: rgb(44, 130, 201)">A decline in HbA1c was observed after 3 months <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib31" target="_blank">(31, 36, 43)</a> with a further decrease after 12 months <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib43" target="_blank">(43)</a>.</span></em></p><p></p><p>Low serum testosterone levels are associated with an adverse metabolic profile which may be explained by the observation that low testosterone levels and impaired mitochondrial function promote insulin resistance in men <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib48" target="_blank">(48)</a>.<span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><em> And indeed, in an experimental study, stimulation of endogenous testosterone was shown to increase insulin sensitivity within 48 h <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib49" target="_blank">(49)</a>.</em></span></p><p></p><p><em><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">Recently, it has been demonstrated that the interplay between insulin sensitivity, triglyceride levels, and androgens is practically immediate, as it occurs within a week, and is not facilitated by changes in body composition alone.</span></em> Concomitantly increasing testosterone and decreasing estradiol (E2) levels had positive effects on both postprandial triglyceride handling and insulin sensitivity in elaborate clamp models during manipulation of these serum sex steroid levels <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib50" target="_blank">(50)</a>. The effects on postprandial triglyceride handling can, therefore, be observed in line with previous results and seem to be of relevance for metabolic risk <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib51" target="_blank">(51, 52)</a>. <span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><em>An improvement in insulin sensitivity upon testosterone administration resulted in reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels within a single week <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib50" target="_blank">(50)</a>, corroborating the former reports about an increase in insulin sensitivity upon stimulation of endogenous testosterone within 48 h <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib49" target="_blank">(49)</a> and an acute reduction in insulin sensitivity 2 weeks after discontinuing testosterone replacement in severely hypogonadal men <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib53" target="_blank">(53)</a>.</em></span></p><p></p><p><em><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)">Such observations are most likely attributed to testosterone-induced changes in lipid metabolism and/or altered post-receptor insulin signaling in the muscle <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib54" target="_blank">(54)</a> and also improved insulin sensitivity enhancing muscle lipid uptake <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib55" target="_blank">(55)</a>. Furthermore, the aforementioned intervention increased the response of postprandial glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) release <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib50" target="_blank">(50)</a>. </span></em>The effects of sex steroids on GIP had not been reported before. This is of specific interest, as the action of GIP is not limited to pancreatic cells and may affect lipid homeostasis <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib56" target="_blank">(56)</a> and intestinal glucose transport <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib57" target="_blank">(57)</a>. The data are summarized in <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/figure/fig3/" target="_blank">Fig. 3</a>.</p><p></p><p></p><p>[ATTACH=full]10187[/ATTACH]</p><p><span style="color: rgb(184, 49, 47)"><strong>Time-course on glucose and insulin. </strong></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 182976, member: 13851"] [SIZE=22px][B]Time-course of effects on glycemic control[/B][/SIZE] [COLOR=rgb(44, 130, 201)][I]Several studies indicate that upon testosterone administration, serum glucose is reduced after 3 months in men with impaired glucose tolerance [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib31'](31, 36, 43)[/URL]. [/I][/COLOR]In a recent study, this was observed after 24 weeks only in men with baseline glucose >110 ng/ml (6.6 mmol/l) but not significantly in men whose baseline glucose levels were <110 ng/ml (6.6 mmol/l) [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib40'](40)[/URL]. An early study reported a decrease in glucose and glucose disposal rate after 9 months [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib41'](41)[/URL]. [COLOR=rgb(44, 130, 201)][I]A decrease in serum proinsulin and insulin was noted after 3 months [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib43'](43)[/URL] or 6 months [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib45'](45)[/URL], and a decrease in homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) after 3 months [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib36'](36)[/URL] or 6 months [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib45'](45–47)[/URL].[/I][/COLOR] [I][COLOR=rgb(44, 130, 201)]A decline in HbA1c was observed after 3 months [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib31'](31, 36, 43)[/URL] with a further decrease after 12 months [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib43'](43)[/URL].[/COLOR][/I] Low serum testosterone levels are associated with an adverse metabolic profile which may be explained by the observation that low testosterone levels and impaired mitochondrial function promote insulin resistance in men [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib48'](48)[/URL].[COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)][I] And indeed, in an experimental study, stimulation of endogenous testosterone was shown to increase insulin sensitivity within 48 h [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib49'](49)[/URL].[/I][/COLOR] [I][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]Recently, it has been demonstrated that the interplay between insulin sensitivity, triglyceride levels, and androgens is practically immediate, as it occurs within a week, and is not facilitated by changes in body composition alone.[/COLOR][/I] Concomitantly increasing testosterone and decreasing estradiol (E2) levels had positive effects on both postprandial triglyceride handling and insulin sensitivity in elaborate clamp models during manipulation of these serum sex steroid levels [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib50'](50)[/URL]. The effects on postprandial triglyceride handling can, therefore, be observed in line with previous results and seem to be of relevance for metabolic risk [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib51'](51, 52)[/URL]. [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)][I]An improvement in insulin sensitivity upon testosterone administration resulted in reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels within a single week [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib50'](50)[/URL], corroborating the former reports about an increase in insulin sensitivity upon stimulation of endogenous testosterone within 48 h [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib49'](49)[/URL] and an acute reduction in insulin sensitivity 2 weeks after discontinuing testosterone replacement in severely hypogonadal men [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib53'](53)[/URL].[/I][/COLOR] [I][COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)]Such observations are most likely attributed to testosterone-induced changes in lipid metabolism and/or altered post-receptor insulin signaling in the muscle [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib54'](54)[/URL] and also improved insulin sensitivity enhancing muscle lipid uptake [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib55'](55)[/URL]. Furthermore, the aforementioned intervention increased the response of postprandial glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) release [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib50'](50)[/URL]. [/COLOR][/I]The effects of sex steroids on GIP had not been reported before. This is of specific interest, as the action of GIP is not limited to pancreatic cells and may affect lipid homeostasis [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib56'](56)[/URL] and intestinal glucose transport [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/#bib57'](57)[/URL]. The data are summarized in [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188848/figure/fig3/']Fig. 3[/URL]. [ATTACH type="full" alt="Screenshot (1676).png"]10187[/ATTACH] [COLOR=rgb(184, 49, 47)][B]Time-course on glucose and insulin. [/B][/COLOR] [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone Basics & Questions
Drastic change in blood sugar at 3 weeks after starting TRT.
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