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DHEA: Does It Have Non-Hormonal Benefit?
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<blockquote data-quote="Will Brink" data-source="post: 152262" data-attributes="member: 2074"><p>DHEA: Does It Have Non-Hormonal Benefit?</p><p></p><p>Monica Mollica explores that topic via Brinkzone and it's a very interesting read: </p><p></p><p><em>DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is most known for being a pro-hormone which in the body gets converted to testosterone and estrogen. It is a long held view that DHEA exerts all its effects via conversion to testosterone and estrogen. However, recent studies show that DHEA also has several interesting non-hormonal actions…</em></p><p> <em></em></p><p><em><strong>DHEA 101</strong></em></p><p> <em></em></p><p><em>DHEA is produced mainly by the adrenal cortex, and is rapidly sulfated by sulfotransferases into DHEA-S. DHEA and its sulfated form DHEA-S is the most abundant steroid (pro)hormone circulating in the blood stream.[<a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_1" target="_blank">1</a>] The sulfated from of DHEA has a longer half-life in the blood and its levels remain stable throughout the day, are not altered significantly by the menstrual cycle. When getting a blood test for DHEA, the fraction that is routinely measured is therefore DHEA-S. In response to metabolic demand, DHEA-S is rapidly hydrolyzed back to DHEA by sulfatases.</em></p><p> <em></em></p><p><em>DHEA levels decrease approximately 80% between ages 25 and 75 year.[<a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_2" target="_blank">2</a>, <a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_3" target="_blank">3</a>] This large decline in DHEA spurred research interest in the possibility that aging related DHEA deficiency may play a role in the deterioration of physiological and metabolic functions with aging, and in the development of chronic diseases.</em></p><p></p><p><em><strong>How does DHEA really work?</strong></em></p><p> <em></em></p><p><em>No specific cellular nuclear receptor has been identified for DHEA.[<a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_4" target="_blank">4</a>] Therefore, the actions of DHEA have traditionally been thought to be mediated via conversion to testosterone and estradiol, which in turn activate androgen and estrogen receptors and thereby elicits their effects.[<a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_5" target="_blank">5-7</a>] However, emerging research is showing that the action of DHEA also involves multiple other receptors, and that DHEA and /or its oxygenated metabolites, such as epiandrosterone (EpiA) metabolites.[<a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_8" target="_blank">8</a>, <a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_9" target="_blank">9</a>]</em></p><p> <em></em></p><p><em><strong>Increased NO production</strong></em></p><p> <em></em></p><p><em>One DHEA activated receptor, a cell surface (membrane-bound) receptor, that binds DHEA with high affinity has been identified in the endothelium (blood vessel wall), heart, liver, and kidney.[<a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_10" target="_blank">10-13</a>] This receptor is coupled to eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) [<a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_10" target="_blank">10-12</a>], the enzyme that activates the synthesis of NO (nitric oxide).[<a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_14" target="_blank">14</a>] Endothelial cells exposed to varying concentrations of DHEA produced dose-dependent increased activation of eNOS and elevated nitrate levels (a bi-product of NO).[<a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_10" target="_blank">10</a>, <a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_12" target="_blank">12</a>] This activation of eNOS by DHEA was not inhibited by the antagonists of the estrogen, androgen, or progesterone receptors, suggesting that eNOS activation by DHEA was through a very specific receptor for DHEA.[<a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_12" target="_blank">12</a>] Support for this comes from another study demonstrating that DHEA supplementation 50 g/day for 2 months in healthy men aged 58+ years increased cGMP (platelet cyclic guanosine-monophosphate) concentrations, which is a marker of NO production.[<a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_15" target="_blank">15</a>]</em></p><p> <em></em></p><p><em>DHEA also activates an important vascular endothelial cell signaling pathway (ERK1/2) which plays an important role in vascular function.[<a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_16" target="_blank">16</a>] This, combined with the DHEA induced elevation in NO production could explain the beneficial cardiovascular effects which have been seen in several DHEA supplementation studies in humans; such as improvement in vascular endothelial function, arterial stiffness and insulin sensitivity. [<a href="https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_17" target="_blank">17-20</a>]</em></p><p></p><p>Cont:</p><p></p><p><a href="https://brinkzone.com/dhea-does-it-have-any-beneficial-non-hormonal-effects/" target="_blank">DHEA - does it have any beneficial non-hormonal effects? | BrinkZone.com</a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Will Brink, post: 152262, member: 2074"] DHEA: Does It Have Non-Hormonal Benefit? Monica Mollica explores that topic via Brinkzone and it's a very interesting read: [I]DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is most known for being a pro-hormone which in the body gets converted to testosterone and estrogen. It is a long held view that DHEA exerts all its effects via conversion to testosterone and estrogen. However, recent studies show that DHEA also has several interesting non-hormonal actions… [B]DHEA 101[/B] DHEA is produced mainly by the adrenal cortex, and is rapidly sulfated by sulfotransferases into DHEA-S. DHEA and its sulfated form DHEA-S is the most abundant steroid (pro)hormone circulating in the blood stream.[[URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_1']1[/URL]] The sulfated from of DHEA has a longer half-life in the blood and its levels remain stable throughout the day, are not altered significantly by the menstrual cycle. When getting a blood test for DHEA, the fraction that is routinely measured is therefore DHEA-S. In response to metabolic demand, DHEA-S is rapidly hydrolyzed back to DHEA by sulfatases. DHEA levels decrease approximately 80% between ages 25 and 75 year.[[URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_2']2[/URL], [URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_3']3[/URL]] This large decline in DHEA spurred research interest in the possibility that aging related DHEA deficiency may play a role in the deterioration of physiological and metabolic functions with aging, and in the development of chronic diseases.[/I] [I][B]How does DHEA really work?[/B] No specific cellular nuclear receptor has been identified for DHEA.[[URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_4']4[/URL]] Therefore, the actions of DHEA have traditionally been thought to be mediated via conversion to testosterone and estradiol, which in turn activate androgen and estrogen receptors and thereby elicits their effects.[[URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_5']5-7[/URL]] However, emerging research is showing that the action of DHEA also involves multiple other receptors, and that DHEA and /or its oxygenated metabolites, such as epiandrosterone (EpiA) metabolites.[[URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_8']8[/URL], [URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_9']9[/URL]] [B]Increased NO production[/B] One DHEA activated receptor, a cell surface (membrane-bound) receptor, that binds DHEA with high affinity has been identified in the endothelium (blood vessel wall), heart, liver, and kidney.[[URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_10']10-13[/URL]] This receptor is coupled to eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) [[URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_10']10-12[/URL]], the enzyme that activates the synthesis of NO (nitric oxide).[[URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_14']14[/URL]] Endothelial cells exposed to varying concentrations of DHEA produced dose-dependent increased activation of eNOS and elevated nitrate levels (a bi-product of NO).[[URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_10']10[/URL], [URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_12']12[/URL]] This activation of eNOS by DHEA was not inhibited by the antagonists of the estrogen, androgen, or progesterone receptors, suggesting that eNOS activation by DHEA was through a very specific receptor for DHEA.[[URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_12']12[/URL]] Support for this comes from another study demonstrating that DHEA supplementation 50 g/day for 2 months in healthy men aged 58+ years increased cGMP (platelet cyclic guanosine-monophosphate) concentrations, which is a marker of NO production.[[URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_15']15[/URL]] DHEA also activates an important vascular endothelial cell signaling pathway (ERK1/2) which plays an important role in vascular function.[[URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_16']16[/URL]] This, combined with the DHEA induced elevation in NO production could explain the beneficial cardiovascular effects which have been seen in several DHEA supplementation studies in humans; such as improvement in vascular endothelial function, arterial stiffness and insulin sensitivity. [[URL='https://brinkzone.com/Users/Monica/Testosterone%20Sex%20Matters/Articles%20for%20blog%20posts/DHEA%20-%20does%20it%20have%20any%20beneficial%20non-hormonal%20effects.docx#_ENREF_17']17-20[/URL]][/I] Cont: [URL="https://brinkzone.com/dhea-does-it-have-any-beneficial-non-hormonal-effects/"]DHEA - does it have any beneficial non-hormonal effects? | BrinkZone.com[/URL] [/QUOTE]
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