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General Health & Fitness
Health & Wellness
Critical Role of Estrogens on Bone Homeostasis in Both Male and Female
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 195741" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong>Figure 2. Regulation of bone metabolism by estrogen receptors, cellular and molecular aspects. Estrogen’s protective effects on trabecular and cortical bone are mainly mediated by Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) in both females and males, while ERβ only plays a minor role in females and none in males. ERα belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and exerts its transcriptional activity through two activating functions (AFs), AF1 and AF2. Both AF1 and AF2 functions are necessary to mediate estrogen effects, whereas, in the cortical compartment, only AF2 function is necessary for females and males. Genetic murine models have allowed the study of the role of ERα in bone cells (osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes). For each bone compartment and sex, the cell types involved in estrogen’s protective effects are indicated. A red box highlights essential ERα subfunctions in each cell type, whereas a red X indicates the dispensable ERα subfunction. Figure 2. Regulation of bone metabolism by estrogen receptors, cellular and molecular aspects. Estrogen’s protective effects on trabecular and cortical bone are mainly mediated by Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) in both females and males, while ERβ only plays a minor role in females and none in males. ERα belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and exerts its transcriptional activity through two activating functions (AFs), AF1 and AF2. Both AF1 and AF2 functions are necessary to mediate estrogen effects, whereas, in the cortical compartment, only AF2 function is necessary for females and males. Genetic murine models have allowed the study of the role of ERα in bone cells (osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes). For each bone compartment and sex, the cell types involved in estrogen’s protective effects are indicated. A red box highlights essential ERα subfunctions in each cell type, whereas a red X indicates the dispensable ERα subfunction.</strong></p><p>[ATTACH=full]12894[/ATTACH]</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 195741, member: 13851"] [B]Figure 2. Regulation of bone metabolism by estrogen receptors, cellular and molecular aspects. Estrogen’s protective effects on trabecular and cortical bone are mainly mediated by Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) in both females and males, while ERβ only plays a minor role in females and none in males. ERα belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and exerts its transcriptional activity through two activating functions (AFs), AF1 and AF2. Both AF1 and AF2 functions are necessary to mediate estrogen effects, whereas, in the cortical compartment, only AF2 function is necessary for females and males. Genetic murine models have allowed the study of the role of ERα in bone cells (osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes). For each bone compartment and sex, the cell types involved in estrogen’s protective effects are indicated. A red box highlights essential ERα subfunctions in each cell type, whereas a red X indicates the dispensable ERα subfunction. Figure 2. Regulation of bone metabolism by estrogen receptors, cellular and molecular aspects. Estrogen’s protective effects on trabecular and cortical bone are mainly mediated by Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) in both females and males, while ERβ only plays a minor role in females and none in males. ERα belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and exerts its transcriptional activity through two activating functions (AFs), AF1 and AF2. Both AF1 and AF2 functions are necessary to mediate estrogen effects, whereas, in the cortical compartment, only AF2 function is necessary for females and males. Genetic murine models have allowed the study of the role of ERα in bone cells (osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes). For each bone compartment and sex, the cell types involved in estrogen’s protective effects are indicated. A red box highlights essential ERα subfunctions in each cell type, whereas a red X indicates the dispensable ERα subfunction.[/B] [ATTACH type="full"]12894[/ATTACH] [/QUOTE]
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General Health & Fitness
Health & Wellness
Critical Role of Estrogens on Bone Homeostasis in Both Male and Female
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