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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone and Men's Health Articles
Bone health in aging men
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 231037" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><em><strong>*It is well recognized that sex steroids are essential for the development, as well as maintenance of both bone structure and density. Experimental data suggest a pivotal role for both estrogens and androgens, while in humans, estrogens seem to be the main sex steroids driving bone mass accrual, and similarly, for bone maintenance, estrogen deficiency is the most important determinant of sex steroid deficiency mediated bone loss</strong></em></p><p><em><strong></strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*The main circulating androgen in humans, testosterone (T) is being converted into estrogens, mainly into estradiol (E2), in peripheral tissues, such as fat, by the aromatase enzyme. In men, more than 85% of the circulating E2 levels originate from the peripheral aromatization of T. [64, 65] As such, T can exert its actions on bone both by stimulating the androgen receptor (AR) directly, or the estrogen receptor alpha (ERɑ) after aromatization. T is hence the ideal androgen since it integrates both ER and AR actions, which are both important for skeletal development on the one hand, and bone maintenance on the other</strong></em></p><p><em><strong></strong></em></p><p><em><strong>*Treatment of male osteoporosis is similar to postmenopausal osteoporosis. [277] It should include lifestyle changes, calcium and vitamin D substitution, as well as the use of bone-specific treatments (Fig. 2). First, certain lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol intake should be addressed. Patients should be advised to regularly exercise to improve strength and balance, thereby reducing the risk of falls. [287] Secondly, the advised intake of calcium is 1000–1200 mg daily, preferably via diet, if not with supplementation. [312] 25(OH)D levels of >20 ng/mL should be targeted, mostly vitamin D intake of 800 IU daily is sufficient to attain this goal. [161, 287, 313–315] Finally, the use of TRT alone as an anti-osteoporotic drug is not recommended, similar to the advice against the use of hormonal replacement therapy as the sole agent for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women </strong></em></p><p></p><p><strong><em>*In humans, estrogens are the main drivers of hypogonadism-associated bone loss as seen in postmenopausal osteoporosis and severely androgen-deprived men; therefore, aromatization of T seems to be important for the maintenance of male bone</em></strong></p><p><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>*<strong><em> In this review, we have discussed several clinical as well as preclinical arguments in favor of a ‘bone threshold’ for hypogonadal osteoporosis</em></strong></em></strong></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 231037, member: 13851"] [I][B]*It is well recognized that sex steroids are essential for the development, as well as maintenance of both bone structure and density. Experimental data suggest a pivotal role for both estrogens and androgens, while in humans, estrogens seem to be the main sex steroids driving bone mass accrual, and similarly, for bone maintenance, estrogen deficiency is the most important determinant of sex steroid deficiency mediated bone loss *The main circulating androgen in humans, testosterone (T) is being converted into estrogens, mainly into estradiol (E2), in peripheral tissues, such as fat, by the aromatase enzyme. In men, more than 85% of the circulating E2 levels originate from the peripheral aromatization of T. [64, 65] As such, T can exert its actions on bone both by stimulating the androgen receptor (AR) directly, or the estrogen receptor alpha (ERɑ) after aromatization. T is hence the ideal androgen since it integrates both ER and AR actions, which are both important for skeletal development on the one hand, and bone maintenance on the other *Treatment of male osteoporosis is similar to postmenopausal osteoporosis. [277] It should include lifestyle changes, calcium and vitamin D substitution, as well as the use of bone-specific treatments (Fig. 2). First, certain lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol intake should be addressed. Patients should be advised to regularly exercise to improve strength and balance, thereby reducing the risk of falls. [287] Secondly, the advised intake of calcium is 1000–1200 mg daily, preferably via diet, if not with supplementation. [312] 25(OH)D levels of >20 ng/mL should be targeted, mostly vitamin D intake of 800 IU daily is sufficient to attain this goal. [161, 287, 313–315] Finally, the use of TRT alone as an anti-osteoporotic drug is not recommended, similar to the advice against the use of hormonal replacement therapy as the sole agent for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women [/B][/I] [B][I]*In humans, estrogens are the main drivers of hypogonadism-associated bone loss as seen in postmenopausal osteoporosis and severely androgen-deprived men; therefore, aromatization of T seems to be important for the maintenance of male bone *[B][I] In this review, we have discussed several clinical as well as preclinical arguments in favor of a ‘bone threshold’ for hypogonadal osteoporosis[/I][/B][/I][/B] [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone and Men's Health Articles
Bone health in aging men
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