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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone and Men's Health Articles
Androgen synthesis and action
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 224402" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong>Fig. 4. <u>Androgen action through the androgen receptor (AR)</u>. <u>A</u>. <u>The human AR gene is located on the X chromosome at position Xq11-12</u>. The AR consists of eight exons which are separated by long introns and the AR gene can be epigenetically regulated by methylation. Notably, the AR protein is comprised of three functional domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD), the DNA binding domain (DBD), and the ligand-binding domain (LBD), and can be regulated by posttranslational modifications.<u> B</u>. <u>The macroscopic view</u>: androgens are secreted from the adrenal gland and the gonads. The secreted androgens exert their effect in AR-expressing tissues, including the kidney, liver, adrenal gland, and gonads. <u>The microscopic view</u>: once the androgens (<u>A</u>) are released into the bloodstream, they enter the AR-expressing cell and activate the AR. The A-AR complex can have a genomic action where it binds androgen receptor elements (ARE) in the target gene and initiates gene expression. While in the non-genomic action, the A-AR can bind membrane-bound receptors and initiate signaling cascades, which increases cell proliferation and survival.</strong></p><p><strong>[ATTACH=full]22006[/ATTACH]</strong></p><p><strong>[ATTACH=full]22007[/ATTACH]</strong></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 224402, member: 13851"] [B]Fig. 4. [U]Androgen action through the androgen receptor (AR)[/U]. [U]A[/U]. [U]The human AR gene is located on the X chromosome at position Xq11-12[/U]. The AR consists of eight exons which are separated by long introns and the AR gene can be epigenetically regulated by methylation. Notably, the AR protein is comprised of three functional domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD), the DNA binding domain (DBD), and the ligand-binding domain (LBD), and can be regulated by posttranslational modifications.[U] B[/U]. [U]The macroscopic view[/U]: androgens are secreted from the adrenal gland and the gonads. The secreted androgens exert their effect in AR-expressing tissues, including the kidney, liver, adrenal gland, and gonads. [U]The microscopic view[/U]: once the androgens ([U]A[/U]) are released into the bloodstream, they enter the AR-expressing cell and activate the AR. The A-AR complex can have a genomic action where it binds androgen receptor elements (ARE) in the target gene and initiates gene expression. While in the non-genomic action, the A-AR can bind membrane-bound receptors and initiate signaling cascades, which increases cell proliferation and survival. [ATTACH type="full"]22006[/ATTACH] [ATTACH type="full"]22007[/ATTACH][/B] [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone and Men's Health Articles
Androgen synthesis and action
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