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ExcelFemale
HRT in Women
A Role for Estrogen in Skin Aging and Dermal Biomechanics
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 201768" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong>Figure 2. <u>Age-related changes in the skin extracellular matrix and their structural consequences</u>. A) Ultraviolet (UV) A rays penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB, causing substantial damage to aged skin due to reduced antioxidant mechanisms. B) Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) via AP-1 and NF-κB to cause collagen and elastin fragmentation. Collagen degradation reduces mechanical tension in fibroblasts, which stimulates MMP production and downregulates TGF-β to promote further matrix degradation. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), as a result of hyperglycaemia and natural ageing, leads to cross-linking of collagen to increase tissue stiffness. Cross-linking of elastin reduces skin recoil and promotes sagging, while loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) decreases skin hydration. Red arrows = decreased. Green arrows = increased.</strong></p><p><strong>[ATTACH=full]14507[/ATTACH]</strong></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 201768, member: 13851"] [B]Figure 2. [U]Age-related changes in the skin extracellular matrix and their structural consequences[/U]. A) Ultraviolet (UV) A rays penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB, causing substantial damage to aged skin due to reduced antioxidant mechanisms. B) Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) via AP-1 and NF-κB to cause collagen and elastin fragmentation. Collagen degradation reduces mechanical tension in fibroblasts, which stimulates MMP production and downregulates TGF-β to promote further matrix degradation. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), as a result of hyperglycaemia and natural ageing, leads to cross-linking of collagen to increase tissue stiffness. Cross-linking of elastin reduces skin recoil and promotes sagging, while loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) decreases skin hydration. Red arrows = decreased. Green arrows = increased. [ATTACH type="full"]14507[/ATTACH][/B] [/QUOTE]
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ExcelFemale
HRT in Women
A Role for Estrogen in Skin Aging and Dermal Biomechanics
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