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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone and Men's Health Articles
Advances in stem cell research for the treatment of primary hypogonadism
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<blockquote data-quote="madman" data-source="post: 209434" data-attributes="member: 13851"><p><strong>Fig. 1 | </strong><u><strong>The hypothalamus–pituitary-gonadal axis and pathophysiology of male hypogonadism</strong></u><strong>.<u> a</u> | In humans, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis controls testosterone synthesis. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH). LH triggers Leydig cells within the testes to produce testosterone, which reversely inhibits the release of GnRH and LH. GnRH also triggers the anterior pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which activates Sertoli cells, thereby supporting spermatogenesis.<u> b</u> | In patients with <u>primary hypogonadism</u>, the response of Leydig cells to LH stimulation is weak, and these cells consequently produce reduced amounts of testosterone. Primary hypogonadism is caused by a malfunction at the level of the testes and is of either congenital or acquired origin. <u>c</u> | In patients with <u>secondary hypogonadism</u>, the malfunction occurs at the level of either the hypothalamus or the pituitary, thereby reducing serum levels of GnRH and LH, leading to reduced production of testosterone. Secondary hypogonadism can also be of either congenital or acquired origin</strong></p><p><strong>[ATTACH=full]16855[/ATTACH]</strong></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="madman, post: 209434, member: 13851"] [B]Fig. 1 | [/B][U][B]The hypothalamus–pituitary-gonadal axis and pathophysiology of male hypogonadism[/B][/U][B].[U] a[/U] | In humans, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis controls testosterone synthesis. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH). LH triggers Leydig cells within the testes to produce testosterone, which reversely inhibits the release of GnRH and LH. GnRH also triggers the anterior pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which activates Sertoli cells, thereby supporting spermatogenesis.[U] b[/U] | In patients with [U]primary hypogonadism[/U], the response of Leydig cells to LH stimulation is weak, and these cells consequently produce reduced amounts of testosterone. Primary hypogonadism is caused by a malfunction at the level of the testes and is of either congenital or acquired origin. [U]c[/U] | In patients with [U]secondary hypogonadism[/U], the malfunction occurs at the level of either the hypothalamus or the pituitary, thereby reducing serum levels of GnRH and LH, leading to reduced production of testosterone. Secondary hypogonadism can also be of either congenital or acquired origin [ATTACH type="full"]16855[/ATTACH][/B] [/QUOTE]
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Testosterone Replacement, Low T, HCG, & Beyond
Testosterone and Men's Health Articles
Advances in stem cell research for the treatment of primary hypogonadism
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